Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34590329›Full record

ArticleAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2021

Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Greater Manchester, UK: An active case ascertainment study.

Robyn McCarthy, Raja A S Mukherjee, Kate M Fleming, Jonathan Green, Jill Clayton-Smith, Alan D Price, Clare S Allely, Penny A Cook

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  5. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD): how primary care can make a difference.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025
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  11. Review
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  14. Article
  15. Fetal alcohol syndrome in the UK.Archives of disease in childhood · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Robyn McCarthySchool of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
Raja A S MukherjeeSchool of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
Kate M FlemingInstitute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Jonathan GreenDivision of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Jill Clayton-SmithDivision of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Alan D PriceSchool of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
Clare S AllelySchool of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
Penny A CookSchool of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6435-8050

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite high levels of prenatal alcohol exposure in the UK, evidence on the prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is lacking. This paper reports on FASD prevalence in a small sample of children in primary school.

methodsA 2-phase active case ascertainment study was conducted in 3 mainstream primary schools in Greater Manchester, UK. Schools were located in areas that ranged from relatively deprived to relatively affluent. Initial screening of children aged 8-9 years used prespecified criteria for elevated FASD risk (small for age; special educational needs; currently/previously in care; significant social/emotional/mental health symptoms). Screen-positive children were invited for detailed ascertainment of FASD using gold standard measures that included medical history, facial dysmorphology, neurological impairment, executive function, and behavioral difficulties.

resultsOf 220 eligible children, 50 (23%) screened positive and 12% (26/220) proceeded to Phase 2 assessment. Twenty had a developmental disorder, of whom 4 had FASD and 4 were assessed as possible FASD. The crude prevalence rate of FASD in these schools was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.0%, 3.4%) and when including possible cases was 3.6% (2.1%, 6.3%). None of these children had previously been identified with a developmental diagnosis.

conclusionsFASD was found to be common in these schools and most of these children's needs had not previously been identified. A larger, more definitive study that uses a random sampling technique stratified by deprivation level to select schools is needed to make inferences regarding the population prevalence of FASD.

Indexed as

Severity of Illness IndexAlcohol DrinkingCase-Control StudiesChildChild DevelopmentChild, PreschoolFemaleFetal Alcohol Spectrum DisordersHumansMaleMass ScreeningPregnancyPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsPrevalenceUnited Kingdomattention-deficit hyperactivity disorderautism spectrum disorderfetal alcohol spectrum disorderfetal alcohol syndromeneurodevelopmental disorder

Identifiers

PMID34590329
PMCPMC9292152

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.