Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34590244›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2022

Brazil's COVID-19 Epicenter in Manaus: How Much of the Population Has Already Been Exposed and Are Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2?

Lucas Ferrante, Luiz Henrique Duczmal, Wilhelm Alexander Steinmetz, Alexandre Celestino Leite Almeida, Jeremias Leão, Ruth Camargo Vassão, Unaí Tupinambás, Philip Martin Fearnside

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Article
  6. Resolving the enigma of Iquitos and Manaus: A modeling analysis of multiple COVID-19 epidemic waves in two Amazonian cities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Costs of hospital admissions due to COVID-19 in the federal capital of Brazil: a study based on hospital admission authorizations.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Lucas FerrantePrograma de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia (Ecologia), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. lucasferrante@hotmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-2636-5713
Luiz Henrique DuczmalDepartment of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Wilhelm Alexander SteinmetzDepartment of Mathematics, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
Alexandre Celestino Leite AlmeidaUniversidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ) - DEFIM, Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Jeremias LeãoDepartment of Statistics, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
Ruth Camargo VassãoRetired From the Cell Biology Laboratory of the Instituto Butantan - São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Unaí TupinambásDepartment of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Philip Martin FearnsideDepartamento de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Is Brazil's COVID-19 epicenter really approaching herd immunity? A recent study estimated that in October 2020 three-quarters of the population of Manaus (the capital of the largest state in the Brazilian Amazon) had contact with SARS-CoV-2. We show that 46% of the Manaus population having had contact with SARS-CoV-2 at that time is a more plausible estimate, and that Amazonia is still far from herd immunity. The second wave of COVID-19 is now evident in Manaus. We predict that the pandemic of COVID-19 will continue throughout 2021, given the duration of naturally acquired immunity of only 240 days and the slow pace of vaccination. Manaus has a large percentage of the population that is susceptible (35 to 45% as of May 17, 2021). Against this backdrop, measures to restrict urban mobility and social isolation are still necessary, such as the closure of schools and universities, since the resumption of these activities in 2020 due to the low attack rates of SARS-CoV-2 was the main trigger for the second wave in Manaus.

Indexed as

COVID-19SARS-CoV-2BrazilHumansImmunity, HerdPandemicsAmazonCoronavirusHerd immunityImmunity lossManausReinfectionSEIRSEIRS

Identifiers

PMID34590244
PMCPMC8480276

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.