ReviewBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2020
Long-term, West Nile virus-induced neurological changes: A comparison of patients and rodent models.
Review in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- The neuroimmune system and cognition.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Viral associations in multiple sclerosis: pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection causes chronic neurobehavioral outcomes, cellular remodeling, and hippocampal single-cell transcriptomic changes.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Sex differences in immune responses to viruses, bacteria and vaccines.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic insights into the neuropathogenic and immune response alterations in mouse neurons challenged with west nile and japanese encephalitis viruses.Virology journal · 2026Article
- A sex-biased response of the adult brain to Zika virus infection: from down-regulation of neuronal IRF3 to enhanced pathology in adult female mice.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Pharmaceutical Strategies for West Nile Virus in Europe, an Underrecognized Cause of Severe Disease and Mortality in Older Adults: From Supportive Care to Antiviral Development.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- MyD88 signaling in myeloid cells induces gastrointestinal tract injury and systemic inflammation after West Nile virus infection.Cell reports · 2026Article
- West Nile Virus in a changing climate: epidemiology, pathology, advances in diagnosis and treatment, vaccine designing and control strategies, emerging public health challenges - a comprehensive review.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Review
- Risk Factors for West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease and Mortality in the US, 2013-2024.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Sequelae of viral CNS infections including outcomes, mechanisms, and knowledge gaps.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Parechovirus-3 infection disrupts immunometabolism and leads to glutamate excitotoxicity in neural organoids.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Extrapolation and comparison of West Nile virus- and Usutu virus-associated neurological diseases in humans: linking pathology to clinical symptoms.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- LncRNAJournal of virology · 2025Article
- West Nile Virus (WNV): One-Health and Eco-Health Global Risks.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Compromised CD8+ T cell immunity in the aged brain increases severity of neurotropic coronavirus infection and postinfectious cognitive impairment.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- Effects of West Nile virus on behavioral and cognitive performance, cortical Aβ pathology, viral loads, and immune measures of middle-aged NL-G-F/E3 and NL-G-F/E4 mice.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and surveillance of West Nile virus in the Mediterranean Basin during 2010-2023: A systematic review.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Review
- Innate immune sensing and vaccine strategies against West Nile virus: role of Toll-like receptors and viral evasion mechanisms.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that can cause severe neurological disease in those infected. Those surviving infection often present with long-lasting neurological changes that can severely impede their lives. The most common reported symptoms are depression, memory loss, and motor dysfunction. These sequelae can persist for the rest of the patients' lives. The pathogenesis behind these changes is still being determined. Here, we summarize current findings in human cases and rodent models, and discuss how these findings indicate that WNV induces a state in the brain similar neurodegenerative diseases. Rodent models have shown that infection leads to persistent virus and inflammation. Initial infection in the hippocampus leads to neuronal dysfunction, synapse elimination, and astrocytosis, all of which contribute to memory loss, mimicking findings in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). WNV infection acts on pathways, such as ubiquitin-signaled protein degradation, and induces the production of molecules, including IL-1β, IFN-γ, and α-synuclein, that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. These findings indicate that WNV induces neurological damage through similar mechanisms as neurodegenerative diseases, and that pursuing research into the similarities will help advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of WNV-induced neurological sequelae.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.