ArticleBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2021
Inflammation and depression: Research designs to better understand the mechanistic relationships between depression, inflammation, cognitive dysfunction, and their shared risk factors.
Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Mediating role of sleep disorders in the association between depression and infertility: A cross-sectional study using the National Health and nutrition examination survey.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Associations between inflammation markers (CRP and IL-6) and depression among adolescents and young adults in Soweto and Durban, South Africa.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Genome-wide association study of positive and negative affect reveals shared genetic architecture and a potential causal relationship with cognition.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Structure-activity relationships of steroid and sterol neuromodulators on inflammatory markers in a murine microglial cell line.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Inflammatory models of depression in rodents and humans.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Individual and integrated indexes of inflammation predicting the risks of mental disorders - statistical analysis and artificial neural network.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Positive and negative affect, related mental health traits, and cognitive performance: shared genetic architecture and potential causality.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Curcumin and exercise prevent depressionResearch in pharmaceutical sciences · 2024Article
- Chronic inflammation is associated with worsening working memory performance: Preliminary evidence from a diverse, longitudinal cohort of adolescents and young adults.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- Lifestyle factors and BMI attenuate relationships between biomarkers of inflammation and depressive symptoms and well-being: A cross-sectional study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Daphnetin modulates GLP-1R to alleviate cognitive dysfunction in diabetes: implications for inflammation and oxidative stress.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Individuals with depression exhibiting a pro-inflammatory phenotype receiving omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids experience improved motivation-related cognitive function: Preliminary results from a randomized controlled trial.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Mediation of the Association Between Vascular Risk Factors and Depressive Symptoms by C-Reactive Protein.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Inflammatory hypotheses of sleep disturbance - depression link: Update and research agenda.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Exploring Associations between C-Reactive Protein and Self-Reported Interoception in Major Depressive Disorder: A Bayesian Analysis.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Antidepressant mechanisms of ketamine: a review of actions with relevance to treatment-resistance and neuroprogression.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Towards a multidimensional model of inflamed depression.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Psychoneurological Symptoms and Biomarkers of Stress and Inflammation in Newly Diagnosed Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Network Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Article
- Editorial commentary on the special issue emerging psychoneuroimmunology research: Future leaders in focus.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is convergent evidence that the immune system is dysregulated in some depressed individuals. A psychoneuroimmunology-based understanding of depression is advancing rapidly; however, a question of fundamental importance is poorly understood: does inflammation play a causal role in the etiology of depression or are elevated inflammatory biomarkers a downstream effect of depressive behaviors? Although longitudinal studies suggest that the relationship between depression and inflammation is characterized by complex bidirectional associations, existing prospective, longitudinal research designs are poorly equipped to investigate the dynamic interplay of depression and inflammation that unfolds over a relatively short time period. In addition, the precise role played by multiple, shared, and overlapping risk factors (e.g., diet, adiposity, stress, sleep dysregulation) in the etiology of depression and a pro-inflammatory phenotype (or both) is poorly understood. In this manuscript, I highlight the benefits of research designs that (i) manipulate constructs of interest (depression/inflammation) using intervention or treatment designs and (ii) use intensive sampling approaches with an ultimate goal of better understanding the temporal sequence and causal relationships of depression, inflammation, cognitive dysfunction, and their shared risk factors. For instance, are improved depressive symptoms a downstream effect of changes in inflammatory activity caused by increases in exercise or, alternatively, are changes in inflammatory activity and depression sequelae of improvements in sleep quality caused by increases in exercise? Potential benefits of these research designs are discussed in terms of their contribution to a better understanding of the etiology of depression and a pro-inflammatory phenotype, their relevance to structural health inequalities, and better characterizing the heterogeneous clinical presentation of depression, particularly relating to the etiology of cognitive dysfunction in depression.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.