Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34589748›Full record

ArticleBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2021

Consistency where it counts: Sleep regularity is associated with circulating white blood cell count in young adults.

Elissa K Hoopes, Michele N D'Agata, Felicia R Berube, Sushant M Ranadive, Freda Patterson, William B Farquhar, David G Edwards, Melissa A Witman

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Individual associations of self-reported sleep duration, sleep quality, chronotype and social jet lag with infectious disease risk.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. A proprietary black cumin oil extract (Frontiers in nutrition · 2023
    Article
  11. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Elissa K HoopesDepartment of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Michele N D'AgataDepartment of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Felicia R BerubeDepartment of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Sushant M RanadiveDepartment of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Freda PattersonDepartment of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
William B FarquharDepartment of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
David G EdwardsDepartment of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Melissa A WitmanDepartment of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
University of Delaware · USUniversity of Maryland, College Park · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSleep irregularity is predictive of poor health outcomes, and particularly those of cardiometabolic origins. The immune system is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases, however the relation between sleep regularity and immune cell profile is unclear. METHODS AND

resultsForty-two healthy young adults (20 ​± ​2 years) completed 14 days of 24-h wrist actigraphy followed by a morning blood sample to evaluate circulating white blood cells (WBC) and subtypes (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes). Sleep regularity was operationalized as the standard deviation (SD) of nightly sleep duration and SD of sleep onset time. Every 60-min increase in sleep duration SD was associated with an estimated 2.7 ​± ​0.60 x10

conclusionsUnfavorable associations between irregular sleep patterns and circulating immune cells are apparent in young adulthood. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence suggesting that consistent sleep schedules are an important dimension of sleep and circadian health and may reduce excess chronic disease risk.

Indexed as

ActigraphySleep healthWhite blood cellsYoung adults

Identifiers

PMID34589748
PMCPMC8474608
OpenAlexW3135158455

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.