ArticleBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2021
Blood cytokines differentiate bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder during a major depressive episode: Initial discovery and independent sample replication.
Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07031817 (Validation of a Composite Medical Device Using a Blood Biomarker-based Algorithm and MDQ for the Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in Patients With a Characterized Depressive Episode in Primary Care), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Validation of a Composite Medical Device Using a Blood Biomarker-based Algorithm and MDQ for the Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in Patients With a Characterized Depressive Episode in Primary Care
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain Inflammatory Marker Abnormalities in Major Psychiatric Diseases: a Systematic Review of Postmortem Brain Studies.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Pooled it
- Predictors of conversion from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder: A population-based PADRIS-PRESTO cohort study in Catalonia.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- Psychological Distress, Resilience, and Immunoinflammatory Signatures in Healthcare Workers During COVID-19.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026Article
- Machine learning for immune biomarkers in severe mental illness: a systematic review.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- Interplay between Peripheral and Central Nervous System Myeloid Cells during Aging: Impact for Lade-Life Depression and Alzheimer's Disease.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2026Review
- Ceramides and neuroinflammation as immunometabolic drivers and biomarkers of major depressive disorder, treatment-resistant depression, and suicidal vulnerability.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder associated with abnormal serum short-chain fatty acids and cytokines.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Peripheral biomarkers to differentiate bipolar depression from major depressive disorder: a real-world retrospective study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Inflammatory mediators in major depression and bipolar disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) at Baseline Predicts Clinical Response for a Subset of Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depressed Patients.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- False dogmas in mood disorders research: Towards a nomothetic network approach.World journal of psychiatry · 2022Review
- Reduced Serum Levels of Soluble Interleukin-15 Receptor α in Schizophrenia and Its Relationship to the Excited Phenotype.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Involvement of inflammatory responses in the brain to the onset of major depressive disorder due to stress exposure.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) diagnosis currently relies on assessment of clinical symptoms, mainly retrospective and subject to memory bias. BD is often misdiagnosed as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) resulting in ineffective treatment and worsened clinical outcome. The primary purpose of this study was to identify blood biomarkers that discriminate MDD from BD patients when in a depressed state. We have used clinical data and serum samples from two independent naturalistic cohorts of patients with a Major Depressive Episode (MDE) who fulfilled the criteria of either BD or MDD at inclusion. The discovery and replication cohorts consisted of 462 and 133 patients respectively. Patients were clinically assessed using standard diagnostic interviews, and clinical variables including current treatments were recorded. Blood was collected and serum assessed for levels of 31 cytokines using a sensitive multiplex assay. A penalized logistic regression model combined with nonparametric bootstrap was subsequently used to identify cytokines associated with BD. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-15, IL-27 and C-X-C ligand chemokine (CXCL)-10 were positively associated with BD in the discovery cohort. Of the five cytokines identified as discriminant features in the discovery cohort, IL-10, IL-15 and IL-27 were also positively associated with BD in the replication cohort therefore providing an external validation to our finding. Should our results be validated in a prospective cohort, they could provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of mood disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.