ArticleCureus2021
Gender-Specific Frequency Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in Punjab province, Pakistan: A Clinically Significant Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of direct-acting antiviral treatment outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis C infected with various HCV genotypes: Insights from a real-world cohort in West Bengal, India.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Risk factors and outcome of hepatitis C infection among patients in a secondary care hospital: A 5-year retrospective study.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Article
- Molecular evolution, virology and spatial distribution of HCV genotypes in Pakistan: A meta-analysis.Infectious medicine · 2023Article
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4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major cause of liver cirrhosis, chronic liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. More than 10 million individuals are living with HCV infection in Pakistan. Due to unawareness, very little information is known about HCV genotype occurrence in Punjab, the largest province of Pakistan. Identification of HCV genotype is very important for HCV treatment because different genotypes of HCV respond differently to antiviral therapy.
objectiveThe purpose of this research was to determine the distribution frequency of different HCV genotypes in the Punjab province and to demonstrate the distribution pattern of HCV genotypes in different age groups and sexes. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn this study, we performed HCV genotyping of 3692 samples collected from different sites of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Among 3692 samples, 1755 (47.5%) were males and 1937 (52.4%) were females.
resultsA total of 3692 samples were subjected to HCV genotyping and 2977 (81%) patients were genotyped successfully, whereas 715 (19%) patients were found to be HCV not detected. Our study demonstrated that among typeable genotypes, 3a constituted 2582 (69.9%) patients followed by 1a (n = 280) 7.5%, 1b (n = 64) 1.7%, 2a (n = 6) 0.16%, genotype 4 (n = 10) 0.27%, 3+4 (n = 2) 0.56%, 1a+2a (n = 11) 0.29%, 1b+2a (n = 1) 0.02%, 1a+1b (n = 1) 0.02%, and 1a+1b+3 (n = 1) 0.02% patients. HCV genotype distribution was evaluated gender wise and in different age groups like 0-12, 13-18, 19-59, and >60 years. All the HCV genotypes were equally distributed among men and women. The most affected age group was 19-59 years as compared to other age groups.
conclusionThe most frequently distributed HCV genotype in Punjab was found to be genotype 3a followed by genotype 1a, and only 0.94% of infected patients had a mixed genotype infection. Genotype 1a was found to be increasing significantly in the studied population. With these results, it can be assumed that genotype 3a may be replaced by genotype 1a with the passage of time. If this happens, this situation will be challenging in terms of antiviral therapy.
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