ReviewTherapeutic advances in psychopharmacology2021
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder: basic principles and future directions.
Review in Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06346028 (A Pragmatic Feasibility Trial on the Implementation of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Smoking Cessation), which is not on this map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pragmatic Feasibility Trial on the Implementation of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Smoking Cessation
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) on cognitive dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis.Neurodegenerative disease management · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Neuropsychological Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Utility of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Chronic Daily Headache Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current pain and headache reports · 2024Pooled it
- Cognitive enhancing effect of rTMS combined with tDCS in patients with major depressive disorder: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled study.BMC medicine · 2024Trial
- Pursuing personalized medicine for depression by targeting the lateral or medial prefrontal cortex with Deep TMS.JCI insight · 2023Trial
- Comparing the Feasibility of In-Person and Online Preventive Cognitive Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder After Partial Response to Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Electrotherapy in Pediatric Rehabilitation: A Structured Narrative Review of Clinical Applications, Treatment Parameters, Safety, and Evidence Gaps.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Focused ultrasound neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders: a scoping review of clinical applications and current progress.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Shared Decision Making as a Policy and Clinical Framework for the Responsible Introduction of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy in Japan.Psychiatry investigation · 2026Article
- Impact of Comorbid Generalized Anxiety Disorder on rTMS/iTBS Clinical Outcomes in Major Depression: A Multicenter Registry-Based Observational Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Advances in the Clinical Application of Neurostimulation in Major Depression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- A review of mechanisms and optimization strategies for clinical improvement after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in bipolar disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Factors associated with treatment-emergent headache occurrence following RTMS to non-motor areas and the impact on treatment outcomes: a retrospective study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Physical Therapies and Neuromodulation for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Review of Potential Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Safety.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
- Changes in Neural Activities and Neuroplasticity Related to Nonpharmacological Interventions for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Review
- Utilizing resting motor threshold to predict cognitive function in drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Exploring the capabilities of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depressive disorder: Dynamic causal modeling of the neural network.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Reduced neural suppression at occipital cortex in subthreshold depression.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Investigating the Impact of rTMS in Combination With Antidepressant Medications on Residual Symptoms in Acute Depression.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Article
- Severe bradycardia triggered by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in a patient with major depressive disorder and premature ventricular contractions: a case report.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe and well-tolerated intervention for major depressive disorder (MDD). Over 150 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been carried out, and its efficacy has been confirmed in dozens of meta-analyses. Real world data has also confirmed the effectiveness of rTMS for MDD in clinical practice, with the most recent literature indicating response rates of 40-50% and remission rates of 25-30%. In this review, we first offer an historical perspective, followed by a review of basic principles, such as putative mechanisms, procedures and protocols, stimulation targets, efficacy and durability of response, side effects, and the placebo controversy. In the second part of this review, we first discuss solutions to increase accessibility to rTMS, such as modifications to treatment equipment, protocols and setting. We continue with possible means to further increase effectiveness, such as treatment personalization and extension. We conclude by addressing the scheduling issue, with accelerated rTMS (arTMS) as a possible solution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.