ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Functional Exhaustion of HBV-Specific CD8 T Cells Impedes PD-L1 Blockade Efficacy in Chronic HBV Infection.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Distinct Immune Signature Characterizes Cirrhosis in Ethiopian Individuals With Chronic HBV Infection.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity Analysis of HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Ultra-High Viral Load (HBV DNA ≥ 7.0 logJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Hepatitis B virus infection and outcomes of TACE plus lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor therapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a real-world propensity score-matched study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- From exhaustion to functional cure: frontiers in reversing HBV-specific T-cell immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Traditional Chinese Medicine in Chronic Hepatitis B: Integrating Antiviral Effects and Immune Modulation in the Context of T Cell Exhaustion.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Functional Cure for Hepatitis B Virus: Challenges and Achievements.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Virus infection and vesicle trafficking.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- IL-2 and IL-15 augment HBV therapeutic vaccination and PD1 blockade for functional cure in the AAV-HBV mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- [Immune status of inactive HBsAg antigen carriers with chronic HBV infection].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2024Article
- HBV DNA polymerase upregulates the transcription of PD-L1 and suppresses T cell activity in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- A Systematic Review of the Advances in the Study of T Lymphocyte Suppressor Receptors in HBV Infection: Potential Therapeutic Targets.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Tumor-associated macrophages and CD8+ T cells: dual players in the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Recent advances in understanding T cell activation and exhaustion during HBV infection.Virologica Sinica · 2023Review
- Metabolic interventions improve HBV envelope-specific T-cell responses in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Hepatology international · 2023Article
- Focus on T cell exhaustion: new advances in traditional Chinese medicine in infection and cancer.Chinese medicine · 2023Review
- CRISPR/Cas9 for hepatitis B virus infection treatment.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Immune checkpoints on T and NK cells in the context of HBV infection: Landscape, pathophysiology and therapeutic exploitation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D Viruses: A Comprehensive Update with an Immunological Focus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells-based therapy in liver diseases.Molecular biomedicine · 2022Review
- Hepatitis B functional cure and immune response.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: A functional cure for chronic HBV could be achieved by boosting HBV-specific immunity. Methods: HBV-specific CD8 T cells were characterized Results: The functionality of HBV-specific CD8 T cells is associated with a higher frequency of cells with low exhaustion phenotype (LAG3 Conclusion: Higher levels of functionally exhausted HBV-specific CD8 T cells are associated with a lack of response that cannot be restored by blocking the PD-1:PD-L1 axis. This suggests that the clinical effectiveness of blocking the PD-1:PD-L1 axis as a monotherapy may be restricted. Combination strategies, potentially including the combination of anti-LAG-3 with other anti-iR antibodies, will likely be required to elicit a functional cure for patients with high levels of functionally exhausted HBV-specific CD8 T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.