Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34588763›Full record

ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2021

Development and Validation of a Web-Based Reading Test for Normal and Low Vision Patients.

Georgios Labiris, Eirini-Kanella Panagiotopoulou, Erald Duzha, Maria Tzinava, Asli Perente, Aristeidis Konstantinidis, Konstantinos Delibasis

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04618224 completednot on this map

Introduction of an Internet-based Near and Intermediate-vision Reading Test for Greek-speaking Normal and Low Vision Adults (wDDART): Development and Validation.

TypeobservationalSponsorDemocritus University of ThraceRan2020 to 2021Enrolled100ConditionsPresbyopia, Refractive Errors, Low Vision, Near VisionArmsDDART Testing, wDDART Testing
NCT05359380 completednot on this map

Evaluation of the Impact of Light Intensity and Light Temperature on the Efficacy of Presbyopic Corrections With Bilateral Implantation of Multifocal Intraocular Lenses in a Series of Activities of Daily Living

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorDemocritus University of ThraceRan2021 to 2022Enrolled75ConditionsPresbyopia, Near Vision, Reading, Daily ActivitiesArmsADL performance
NCT07208838 enrolling by invitationnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Validation of DDIVAT Digital Optotypes for Distance Visual Acuity Testing Among the Bulgarian Population

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorPlovdiv Medical UniversityRan2025 to 2026Enrolled150ConditionsVision ScreeningArmsTo test visual acuity in 150 Bulgarian patients over 18 years of age using Snellens visual acuity chart and DDIVAT optotypes
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Georgios LabirisDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68131, Alexandroupolis, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-4364-1943
Eirini-Kanella PanagiotopoulouDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68131, Alexandroupolis, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-0826-3959
Erald DuzhaDepartment of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, 35131, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-7035-271X
Maria TzinavaDepartment of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, 35131, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-7905-0040
Asli PerenteDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68131, Alexandroupolis, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-9219-8496
Aristeidis KonstantinidisDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68131, Alexandroupolis, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-5419-956X
Konstantinos DelibasisDepartment of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, 35131, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-1055-3007

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo develop and validate a web-based reading test for normal and low vision patients.

methodsThis is a prospective, comparative trial. The web-based Democritus Digital Acuity Reading Test (wDDART) was developed. wDDART introduces a series of advanced characteristics (advanced text calibration, computer-vision-based estimation of patient's distance, and automatic calculation of patient's reading times) that facilitate the overall examination procedure. wDDART's reading parameters [reading acuity (RA), maximum reading speed (MRS), critical print size (CPS) and reading accessibility index (ACC)] were compared to the corresponding ones of its conventional Windows-based reading test (DDART) in a sample of normal and low vision participants. wDDART's test-retest reliability for all reading parameters was evaluated in a 15-day time-window.

resultsOne hundred patients (normal vision group-NVG: 70; low vision group-LVG: 30 patients) responded to DDART and wDDART. Non-significant differences between the two reading tests were found for all parameters in NVG and LVG. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between the two tests demonstrated good or excellent correlation for RA, MRS, ACC and moderate correlation for CPS. Test-retest reliability was excellent for RA and ACC, while ICCs were 0.715-0.895 for MRS and CPS.

conclusionThe wDDART demonstrated sufficient validity and repeatability making it suitable for clinical and research settings. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT04618224.

Indexed as

automatic reading timingcomputer vision distance estimationcritical print sizeinternetpresbyopiareadingreading acuityreading speed

Identifiers

PMID34588763
PMCPMC8473574

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.