Observational studyScientific reports2021
Using ex vivo culture to assess dynamic phenotype changes in human prostate macrophages following exposure to therapeutic drugs.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- An ex vivo permissivity assay to assess replication of the oncolytic virus VSV-GP in patient-derived tumor samples.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Targeting the tumor microenvironment, a new therapeutic approach for prostate cancer.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2025Review
- Patient-Derived Models of Cancer in the NCI PDMC Consortium: Selection, Pitfalls, and Practical Recommendations.Cancers · 2024Review
- Preclinical models of prostate cancer - modelling androgen dependency and castration resistance in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo.Nature reviews. Urology · 2023Review
- Glycolysis-Related LINC02432/Hsa-miR-98-5p/HK2 Axis Inhibits Ferroptosis and Predicts Immune Infiltration, Tumor Mutation Burden, and Drug Sensitivity in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Harnessing the Utility ofFrontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Subversion of infiltrating prostate macrophages to a mixed immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophage phenotype.Clinical and translational medicine · 2022Article
- Immunomodulatory Role of Surfactant Protein-D in a Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) Model.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Sex steroid modulation of macrophages within the prostate tumor microenvironment.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Within the prostate tumor microenvironment (TME) there are complex multi-faceted and dynamic communication occurring between cancer cells and immune cells. Macrophages are key cells which infiltrate and surround tumor cells and are recognized to significantly contribute to tumor resistance and metastases. Our understanding of their function in the TME is commonly based on in vitro and in vivo models, with limited research to confirm these model observations in human prostates. Macrophage infiltration was evaluated within the TME of human prostates after 72 h culture of fresh biopsies samples in the presence of control or enzalutamide. In addition to immunohistochemistry, an optimized protocol for multi-parametric evaluation of cellular surface markers was developed using flow cytometry. Flow cytometry parameters were compared to clinicopathological features. Immunohistochemistry staining for 19 patients with paired samples suggested enzalutamide increased the expression of CD163 relative to CD68 staining. Techniques to validate these results using flow cytometry of dissociated biopsies after 72 h of culture are described. In a second cohort of patients with Gleason grade group ≥ 3 prostate cancer, global macrophage expression of CD163 was unchanged with enzalutamide treatment. However, exploratory analyses of our results using multi-parametric flow cytometry for multiple immunosuppressive macrophage markers suggest subgroup changes as well as novel associations between circulating biomarkers like the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and immune cell phenotype composition in the prostate TME. Further, we observed an association between B7-H3 expressing tumor-associated macrophages and the presence of intraductal carcinoma. The use of flow cytometry to evaluate ex vivo cultured prostate biopsies fills an important gap in our ability to understand the immune cell composition of the prostate TME. Our results highlight novel associations for further investigation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.