ArticleScientific reports2021
The long-term association of different dietary protein sources with metabolic syndrome.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association between Total Protein, Animal Protein, and Animal Protein Sources with Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Relationship between Egg Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2022Pooled it
- Dietary protein intake in relation to metabolic syndrome reversion: findings from the Tehran lipid and glucose study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The association between dietary protein intake and metabolic syndrome: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Planetary Health Diet Adherence in Korean Adults: Association with the Korean Healthy Eating Index.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Egg intake in relation to metabolic health status, serum brain derived neurotrophic factor, and adropin levels in Iranian adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Synergistic effects of a carbohydrate-controlled diet andFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Protein source associated with risk of metabolic syndrome in adults with low and adequate protein intake: A prospective cohort study of middle-aged and older adults.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Article
- Macronutrients quality indices and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in Iranian adults.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- The association between egg consumption and metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- White Meat Consumption and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Review of Recent Prospective Cohort Studies.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Higher Intake of Total Dietary Essential Amino Acids Is Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Adults.Nutrients · 2022Article
- A Comparison Study on the Therapeutic Effect of High Protein Diets Based on Pork Protein versus Soybean Protein on Obese Mice.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Protein-to-carbohydrate ratio is informative of diet quality and associates with all-cause mortality: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2014).Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Macronutrient Intake in Adults Diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome: Using the Health Examinee (HEXA) Cohort.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Dietary Animal to Plant Protein Ratio Is Associated with Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Participants of the AHS-2 Calibration Study.Nutrients · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Due to scarce epidemiologic data linking dietary protein intakes and metabolic syndrome (MetS), we aim to determine the longitudinal association of different types of dietary protein with the incidence of MetS among Iranians adults. The study was conducted in the framework of the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS) on 6504 adults, aged ≥ 35 years, and free of MetS at baseline. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used for assessing usual dietary intakes. MetS was defined according to the Joint Scientific Statement. Mixed-effects logistic regression was applied to examine the associations between changes in weekly frequency consumption of protein and MetS status. After a median follow-up of 11.25 years, in multivariate-adjusted model, each additional frequency consumption of total protein intake (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.81-0.85), animal protein (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.77-0.83), plant protein (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.64-0.76), red meat (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.70-0.78), poultry (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.68-0.78), egg (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.72-0.88) and nuts and seeds (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.71-0.84) was associated with reduced risk of MetS. No significant association was found for processed meat (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.87-1.01) and legumes and soy (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.86-1.07) with MetS. Our results suggest an independent inverse association between total protein, animal and plant protein and the risk of MetS. These associations did not differ by sex. Although our results can be considered to be a strategy to reduce MetS risk by dietary guidelines, randomized clinical trials are required to confirm our findings.
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