Trial reportScientific reports2021
Benefits from one session of deep and slow breathing on vagal tone and anxiety in young and older adults.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06557083 (The Effects of Practicing Daily Polyvagal Exercises for Four Weeks on Stress in Students of Physical Therapy Measured), which is not on this map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effects of Practicing Daily Polyvagal Exercises for Four Weeks on Stress in Students of Physical Therapy Measured: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of breathwork on stress and mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of sensory room intervention on autonomic function in healthy adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Box breathing or six breaths per minute: Which strategy improves athletes post-HIIT cardiovascular recovery?PloS one · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Training on Anxiety Reduction and Brain Activity: a Randomized Active-Controlled Study Using EEG.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2024Trial
- Lightening the mind with audiovisual stimulation as an accessible alternative to breath-focused meditation for mood and cognitive enhancement.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- The Effects of a Single Vagus Nerve's Neurodynamics on Heart Rate Variability in Chronic Stress: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Trial
- Personalized respiratory guidance strategy via millimeter-wave radar-based breathing consistency score.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2026Article
- Impact of Increased Respiratory Load on Prefrontal Cortical Activation Under Varying Task Complexities of Trail Walking Task.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Reliability Assessment of Wearable Technologies for Physiological Measurements: An Evaluation of Shimmer3 GSR+, Empatica E4, EmbracePlus, and Pixel Watch 2 Across Cognitive, Affective and Physical Activity Tasks.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Cardiovascular Autonomic Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Supervised Home-Based Telerehabilitation for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Pragmatic Service Evaluation in Routine Care with Detraining Follow-up.Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG · 2026Article
- From brain waves to heartbeats: Exploring the combined role of electroencephalography and heart-rate variability in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and management.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Review
- Psychological intervention for anxiety in patients undergoing colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial protocol.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Neonatal endotracheal intubation: development of a comprehensive educational program for procedural skills.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Neurophysiological mechanisms of breathing-based well-being practices: a narrative review for clinical application.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Combined Liuzijue and mindful breathing promote greater sustained relaxation than mindful breathing alone in university students with anxiety symptoms.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Burden of Mental and Behavioral Disorders in Colombia, 2022: A Subnational Analysis Based on Disability-Adjusted Life Years.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Fluoroquinolone-Associated Disability: A Rodent Model Reveals Transient Neuropsychiatric and Persistent Gastrointestinal Effects of Low-Dose Ciprofloxacin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Breathwork for Chronic Stress and Mental Health: Does Choosing a Specific Technique Matter?Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anxiety is recognized as a major health issue and is quite prevalent among older adults. An efficient way to manage anxiety is abdominal breathing. Breathing exercises seem to reduce anxiety and to increase parasympathetic activity assessed by HRV indexes. Yet, the effect of abdominal breathing on physiological stress (HRV) and anxiety in older adults remains poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study is to test the effects of deep and slow breathing (DSB, low inhale/exhale ratio) on physiological stress and anxiety in older adults (n = 22) in comparison with younger ones (n = 25). DSB increased significantly HFpower and reduced state anxiety in both younger and older adults. Interestingly, the increased in HF power was significantly higher among older adults than younger ones. As expected, the ratio inhale/exhale being not equal, RMSSD did not increase following DSB. Thus, we provide evidence suggesting that DSB is more beneficial to older adults than younger ones to restore vagal outflow. Despite future work being required, those results provide relevant clinical application leads to manage state anxiety among older adults and to promote successfull aging.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.