ArticleBMJ open2021
Timing of first antenatal care contact, its associated factors and state-level analysis in Nigeria: a cross-sectional assessment of compliance with the WHO guidelines.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- First trimester antenatal care contact in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and contributing factors.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Pooled it
- Time to First Antenatal Care Booking and Its Predictors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Follow-up at Pawe General Hospital, Pawe District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2024: A Retrospective Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with early antenatal care visit in Ghana: recent evidence from the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey.AJOG global reports · 2026Article
- Utilisation of eight antenatal care contacts among adolescent and adult mothers at a referral hospital in Western Kenya: a comparative cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2026Article
- Why Do First Time Mothers in Sub-Saharan Africa Delay Their First Antenatal Care Visit? Evidence From Demographic and Health Surveys (2019-2022) From 18 Countries-A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Assessing the antenatal care-seeking determinants associated with the penetration of the WHO eight-visit antenatal care policy across states in Nigeria.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Impact of Ghana's fee exemption policy on maternal health service utilisation: an inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis of pooled national data.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Trends and factors associated with delays in the first prenatal consultation in Guinea.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Article
- Joint predictors of antenatal care contacts and timing of antenatal care initiation among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Timely initiation of new antenatal care contact model and its associated factors among pregnant women at Munessa health facilities, Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Time to initiation of antenatal care and its predictors among pregnant women who delivered in Arba Minch town public health facilities, Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia, 2023: a retrospective follow-up study.Reproductive health · 2024Article
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- Exploring Perceptions about Enablers of Women's Attendance and Adherence to the Recommended Antenatal Care Visits in Rwanda: A Qualitative Study.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Late Antenatal Initiation among Women in Malawi.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic inequality in timing of ANC visit among pregnant women in Ethiopia, 2019.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- A multilevel Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo Poisson modelling of factors associated with components of antenatal care offered to pregnant women in Nigeria.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- What predicts delayed first antenatal care contact among primiparous women? Findings from a cross-sectional study in Nigeria.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Practices and barriers to screening for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy among providers of antenatal care in Jos, Nigeria.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2022Article
- Adequacy and timeliness of antenatal care visits among Ethiopian women: a community-based panel study.BMJ open · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the compliance of WHO guidelines on the timeliness of antenatal care (ANC) initiation in Nigeria and its associated factors and to provide subcountry analysis of disparities in the timing of the first ANC in Nigeria.
designCross-sectional.
settingNationally representative data of most recent pregnancies between 2013 and 2018 in Nigeria.
participantsWomen with pregnancies within 5 years before the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome variable was the trimesters of the first ANC contact. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable multinomial logistic regression at 5% significance level.
resultsOf all the 21 785 respondents, 75% had at least one ANC contact during their most recent pregnancies within the five years preceding the data collection. Among which 24% and 63% started in the first and second trimester, respectively. The proportion who started ANC in the first trimester was highest in Benue (44.5%), Lagos (41.4%) and Nasarawa (39.3%) and lowest in Zamfara (7.6%), Kano (7.4%) and Sokoto (4.8%). Respondents aged 40-49 years were 65% (adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR: 1.65, 95 % CI: 1.10 to 2.45) more likely to initiate ANC during the first trimester of pregnancy relative to those aged 15-19 years. Although insignificant, women who participate in their healthcare utilisation were 4% (aRRR: 1.04, 95 % CI: 0.90 to 1.20) times more likely to have early initiation of ANC. Other significant factors were respondents' and spousal educational attainment, household wealth quintiles, region of residence, ethnicity, religion and birth order.
conclusionsOnly a quarter of pregnant women, initiated ANC contact during the first trimester with wider disparities across the states in Nigeria and across the background characteristics of the pregnant women. There are needs to enhance women's autonomy in healthcare utilisation. Concerted efforts on awareness creation and empowerment for women by all stakeholders in maternal and child healthcare are antidotes for early ANC contact initiation.
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