ArticleDiabetes care2021
Association of Type 2 Diabetes, According to the Number of Risk Factors Within Target Range, With Structural Brain Abnormalities, Cognitive Performance, and Risk of Dementia.
Article in Diabetes care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Bariatric Surgery Improves Cognition Function in the Patients with Obesity: A Meta-Analysis.Obesity surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Dementia in type 2 diabetes: risk factors, disease processes and opportunities for prevention across the lifespan.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome as Drivers of Neurodegeneration: Convergent Mechanisms Linking Peripheral Neuropathy and Dementia.Annals of neurology · 2026Review
- BMAL1 ameliorates type 2 diabetes-induced cognitive impairment via AREG upregulation and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway activation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Lifetime history of gestational diabetes and cognitive function in parous women in midlife.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Article
- Cortical Gyrification and Cognitive Decline in the Human Brain With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- The association between weight-adjusted-waist index and cognitive function: the cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from CHARLS.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Exploring the relationship of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the triglyceride-glucose index with white matter hyperintensities in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Associations of modifiable dementia risk factors with dementia and cognitive decline: evidence from three prospective cohorts.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Review
- The relationship between diabetes and the dementia risk: a meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Review
- Association between the circulating very long-chain saturated fatty acid and cognitive function in older adults: findings from the NHANES.BMC public health · 2024Article
- A Nomogram Including Total Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden Score for Predicting Mild Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Plant but not animal sourced nitrate intake is associated with lower dementia-related mortality in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Neuron-targeted overexpression of caveolin-1 alleviates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction via regulating mitochondrial fission-mitophagy axis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Article
- Predictor of cognitive impairment: metabolic syndrome or circadian syndrome.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- [Geriatric aspects for the management of diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023Article
- A Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Is Associated With All-Cause Dementia and Clinically Diagnosed Vascular Dementia in the Million Veteran Program.Diabetes care · 2022Article
- Structural equation modeling of the effects of psychological distress and a fear of coronavirus disease 2019 on diabetes care in Japan: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveType 2 diabetes is associated with increased risks of cognitive dysfunction and brain abnormalities. The extent to which risk factor modification can mitigate these risks is unclear. We investigated the associations between incident dementia, cognitive performance, and brain abnormalities among individuals with type 2 diabetes, according to the number of risk factors on target, compared with control subjects without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsProspective data were from UK Biobank of 87,856 individuals (
resultsAfter a mean follow-up of 9.0 years, 147 individuals (1.4%) with diabetes and 412 control subjects (0.5%) had incident dementia. Among individuals with diabetes, excess dementia risk decreased stepwise for a higher number of risk factors on target. Compared with control subjects (incidence rate per 1,000 person-years 0.62 [95% CI 0.56; 0.68]), individuals with diabetes who had five to seven risk factors on target had no significant excess dementia risk (absolute rate difference per 1,000 person-years 0.20 [-0.11; 0.52]; hazard ratio 1.32 [0.89; 1.95]). Similarly, differences in processing speed, executive function, and brain volumes were progressively smaller for a higher number of risk factors on target. These results were replicated in the Maastricht Study.
conclusionsAmong individuals with diabetes, excess dementia risk, lower cognitive performance, and brain abnormalities decreased stepwise for a higher number of risk factors on target.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.