ArticleJournal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN2021
Innate immunity receptors in depression and suicide: upregulated NOD-like receptors containing pyrin (NLRPs) and hyperactive inflammasomes in the postmortem brains of people who were depressed and died by suicide.
Article in Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural antidepressants in neuroimmunomodulation: molecular mechanisms, action targets, and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Brain Inflammatory Marker Abnormalities in Major Psychiatric Diseases: a Systematic Review of Postmortem Brain Studies.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Pooled it
- Integrated biomarkers of oxidative stress NLRP3 inflammasome and kynurenine pathway reflect disease severity and diagnostic discrimination in depression.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- An emerging theoretical lens post global epidemic and turmoil: Psychological immunity.Dialogues in health · 2026Review
- Tomentosin selectively targets microglial pyroptosis to overcome fluoxetine-resistant depression: a network-based therapeutic discovery.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- The NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From classical Chinese formula to modern mechanism: how Xiao-Yao-San modulates key signaling pathways in depression.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Risk factors for unnatural mortality in persons with serious mental illness.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Systemic Inflammation at the Crossroad of Major Depressive Disorder and Comorbidities: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Interleukin 18 and the brain: neuronal functions, neuronal survival and psycho-neuro-immunology during stress.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Unveiling the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Antidepressants: A Systematic Review of Human Studies over the Last Decade.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exploring the neuroprotective mechanisms of Jiawei Suanzaoren decoction in depression: insights from network pharmacology and molecular docking.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- NLRP3 inflammasome in neuroinflammation and central nervous system diseases.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Neohesperidin Improves Depressive-Like Behavior Induced by Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Mice.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Flavins and Flavoproteins in the Neuroimmune Landscape of Stress Sensitization and Major Depressive Disorder.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- NLRP3 Inflammasome: A New Target for the Treatment of CVD and Depression Comorbidity.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Review
- P2X7 receptors from the perspective of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in depression: Potential role of cannabidiol.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Prenatal Stress and Ethanol Exposure: Microbiota-Induced Immune Dysregulation and Psychiatric Risks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The role of NLRP6 in the development and progression of neurological diseases.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Reappraisal Mitigates, While COVID-19 Burnout Exacerbates the Impact of Depressive Symptoms on Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese College Students.Psychology research and behavior management · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAbnormalities of inflammation have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and suicide, based on observations of increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum of people who were depressed and died by suicide. More recently, abnormalities in cytokines and innate immunity receptors such as toll-like receptors have also been observed in the postmortem brains of people who were depressed and died by suicide. In addition to toll-like receptors, another subfamily of innate immunity receptors known as NOD-like receptors containing pyrin (NLRPs) are the most widely present NOD-like receptors in the central nervous system. NLRPs also form inflammasomes that play an important role in brain function. We studied the role of NLRPs in depression and suicide.
methodsWe determined the protein and mRNA expression of NLRP1, NLRP3 and NLRP6 and the components of their inflammasomes (i.e., adaptor molecule apoptosis-associated speck-like protein [ASC], caspase1, caspase3, interleukin [IL]-1β and IL-18) postmortem in the prefrontal cortex of people who were depressed and died by suicide, and in healthy controls. We determined mRNA levels using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and we determined protein expression using Western blot immunolabelling.
resultsWe found that the protein and mRNA expression levels of NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP6, caspase3 and ASC were significantly increased in people who were depressed and died by suicide compared to healthy controls. LIMITATIONS: Some people who were depressed and died by suicide were taking antidepressant medication at the time of their death.
conclusionSimilar to toll-like receptors, NLRP and its inflammasomes were upregulated in people who were depressed and died by suicide compared to healthy controls. Innate immunity receptors in general - and NLRPs and inflammasomes in particular - may play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression and suicide.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.