Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34588091›Full record

ArticlePublic health nutrition2022

Who has a beef with reducing red and processed meat consumption? A media framing analysis.

Katherine Sievert, Mark Lawrence, Christine Parker, Cherie A Russell, Phillip Baker

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Public health nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
6.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Is Meat Industry Affiliation Associated With Study Conclusion in Nutrition Research? A Meta-Research Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
    Review
  2. How Does the Australian Media Report on the Health and Environmental Impacts of Meat Consumption and Production? A Media Analysis.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Katherine SievertSchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-4617-8034
Mark LawrenceSchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-6899-3983
Christine ParkerMelbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1870-5706
Cherie A RussellSchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1251-4810
Phillip BakerSchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-0802-2349
Deakin University · AUThe University of Melbourne · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveDiets high in red and processed meat (RPM) contribute substantially to environmental degradation, greenhouse gas emissions and the global burden of chronic disease. High-profile reports have called for significant global RPM reduction, especially in high-income settings. Despite this, policy attention and political priority for the issue are low.

designThe study used a theoretically guided framing analysis to identify frames used by various interest groups in relation to reducing RPM in online news media articles published in the months around the release of four high-profile reports by authoritative organisations that included a focus on the impacts of high RPM production and/or consumption.

settingFour major RPM producing and consuming countries - USA, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.

participantsNone.

resultsHundred and fifty news media articles were included. Articles reported the views of academics, policymakers, industry representatives and the article authors themselves. RPM reduction was remarkably polarising. Industry frequently framed RPM reduction as part of a 'Vegan Agenda' or as advocated by an elite minority. Reducing RPM was also depicted as an infringement on personal choice and traditional values. Many interest groups attempted to discredit the reports by citing a lack of consensus on the evidence, or that only certain forms of farming and processing were harmful. Academics and nutrition experts were more likely to be cited in articles that were aligned with the findings of the reports.

conclusionsThe polarisation of RPM reduction has led to a binary conflict between pro- and anti-meat reduction actors. This division may diminish the extent to which political leaders will prioritise this in policy agendas. Using nuanced and context-dependent messaging could ensure the narratives around meat are less conflicting and more effective in addressing health and environmental harms associated with RPM.

Indexed as

Greenhouse GasesRed MeatAnimalsCattleDietHumansMass MediaMeatGreenhouse GasesEnvironmentFramingHealthMeat reductionMediaSustainable food systemsVegan agenda

Identifiers

PMID34588091
PMCPMC9991568
OpenAlexW3203883041

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.