Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34588076›Full record

ArticleThe Behavioral and brain sciences2021

Toward inclusive theories of the evolution of musicality.

Patrick E Savage, Psyche Loui, Bronwyn Tarr, Adena Schachner, Luke Glowacki, Steven Mithen, W Tecumseh Fitch

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Behavioral and brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The role of musical pitch in long-distance defensive signaling.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Patrick E SavageFaculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa252-0882, Japanpsavage@sfc.keio.ac.jp, http://PatrickESavage.com.ORCID 0000-0001-6996-7496
Psyche LouiCollege of Arts, Media and Design, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USAp.loui@northeastern.edu, http://www.psycheloui.com.
Bronwyn TarrDepartment of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, OxfordOX2 6PN, UKbronwyn.tarr@anthro.ox.ac.uk, bronwyntarr01@gmail.com, https://www.anthro.ox.ac.uk/people/dr-bronwyn-tarr.
Adena SchachnerDepartment of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USAschachner@ucsd.edu, https://madlab.ucsd.edu.
Luke GlowackiDepartment of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, MA02215, USAglowacki@fas.harvard.edu, https://www.hsb-lab.org/.
Steven MithenDepartment of Archaeology, University of Reading, ReadingRG6 6AB, UKs.j.mithen@reading.ac.uk, http://www.reading.ac.uk/archaeology/about/staff/s-j-mithen.aspx.
W Tecumseh FitchDepartment of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria. tecumseh.fitch@univie.ac.at, https://homepage.univie.ac.at/tecumseh.fitch/.

Funding

Gamma-Music Based Intervention for Mild Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG078376 · NIA · NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY · PI Edward W Large, Psyche Loui · 2022 to 2026
$2.7M
SynchronyGamma: A Music-Based Intervention for Alzheimer's and Mild Cognitive ImpairmentR43AG078012 · NIA · OSCILLOSCAPE, LLC · PI LARGE, EDWARD W, LOUI, PSYCHE · 2022 to 2022
$450k
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG078376NIA NIH HHS R43 AG078012
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We compare and contrast the 60 commentaries by 109 authors on the pair of target articles by Mehr et al. and ourselves. The commentators largely reject Mehr et al.'s fundamental definition of music and their attempts to refute (1) our social bonding hypothesis, (2) byproduct hypotheses, and (3) sexual selection hypotheses for the evolution of musicality. Instead, the commentators generally support our more inclusive proposal that social bonding and credible signaling mechanisms complement one another in explaining cooperation within and competition between groups in a coevolutionary framework (albeit with some confusion regarding terminologies such as "byproduct" and "exaptation"). We discuss the proposed criticisms and extensions, with a focus on moving beyond adaptation/byproduct dichotomies and toward testing of cross-species, cross-cultural, and other empirical predictions.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalMusicBiological EvolutionHumans

Identifiers

PMID34588076
PMCPMC13352484

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.