ArticleBMC psychiatry2021
Social and structural factors associated with depression and suicidality among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Nepal.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression in Nepal: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Prevalence and correlates of anxiety and depression among LGBT individuals in Nepal: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- The impact of stress experienced by sexual minorities on depression among chinese men who have sex with men: an analysis of the mediating effects of social support and intimate partner violence.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The relationship between HIV infection and depression and their determinants in the MSM population in Eastern China: an analysis based on decision tree modelling and logistic regression.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Patterns and correlates of casual sexual behavior through the internet and inconsistent condom use among MSM college students in Zhejiang province, China: a cross-sectional study, 2022.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Urgent Need for Tobacco Cessation Initiatives Among LGBT Communities in Nepal.Health prospect : journal of public health · 2024Article
- Multilevel determinants of antiretroviral therapy initiation and retention in the test-and-treat era of Nepal: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- High Interest in the Use of mHealth Platform for HIV Prevention among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Nepal.Journal of community health · 2024Article
- Preferences for mHealth Intervention to Address Mental Health Challenges Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Nepal: Qualitative Study.JMIR human factors · 2024Article
- Article
- A Study of the Relationship between Men Who Have Sex with Men Stigma and Depression: A Moderated Mediation Model.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Stimulant Use Associated With Psychosocial Factors, HIV Risk, and Concurrent Hazardous Alcohol Use Among US Adults: Exploratory Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Transgender women in Kenya experience greater stigma, depressive symptoms, alcohol and drug use and risky sexual practices than cis-gendered men who have sex with men.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Depressive symptoms, perceived social support, and anticipated HIV stigma among HIV-negative/unknown men who have sex with men in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicenter online cross-sectional study.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- Suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt among men who have sex with men in Nepal: Findings from a cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Study on anxiety and depression of men who have sex with men: An application of group-based trajectory model.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe prevalence of depression and suicidality is high among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) worldwide. Stigma and discrimination are likely contributing factors. More research is needed in low-income, non-English speaking countries to assess the effects of social and structural factors on depression and suicidality among MSM and TGW.
methodsNepalese MSM and TGW (n = 340) were recruited using a respondent-driven sampling design and filled out a survey questionnaire. The outcomes were depression and suicidality. Data was analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression.
resultsMore than half of the participants (59%) suffered from depression. Severe depression was more common among TGW compared to MSM (41 and 20%, respectively). When it comes to suicidality, TGW had higher lifetime prevalence of suicidal thoughts compared to MSM (32 and 5%, respectively). Depression was positively associated with sex work both for MSM (AOR: 7.9; 95% CI 3.4-18.2) and TGW (AOR: 6.5; 95% CI: 2.3-18.2). MSM who were evicted by family had high odds of suicidal thoughts (AOR: 6.2; 95% CI: 1.3-28.8). For TGW, suicidality was associated with being cheated and threatened (AOR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.2-12.5) and having forced to marry a female (AOR: 2.2; 95% CI 1.1-5.1).
conclusionsNepalese MSM and TGW suffer from a high degree of mental and psychosocial health issues. Future studies should focus on intervention research and on collecting data from a larger variety of gender and sexual minorities.
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