ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2021
Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate Levels Affect the Gut Microbiota and Clinical Assessment in Healthy Adult Cats.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Feline chronic diarrhea: causes and nutritional management.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Review
- The fecal microbiota of healthy dogs fed extruded and raw meat-based diets.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Cross-sectional analysis of feline gut microbiota reveals differences across age-defined groups under varying environments.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Rosemary Extract Reduces Odor in Cats Through Nitrogen and Sulfur Metabolism by Gut Microbiota-Host Co-Modulation.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Impact of the Dietary Fat Concentration and Source on the Fecal Microbiota of Healthy Adult Cats.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Hydrolyzed chicken liver and increasing crude protein levels on palatability, digestibility, and intestinal fermentation products of cats.Journal of animal science · 2025Article
- Effects of supplemental seaweed extract on antioxidant properties, loose stools, gut microbiota, and its metabolite composition in adult dogs.Journal of animal science · 2025Article
- Dietary protein source alters gut microbiota composition and function.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- Nutrient Digestive Bypass: Determinants and Associations with Stool Quality in Cats and Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Effects of Heat-TreatedAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Replacement of Dietary Carbohydrate with Protein versus Fat Differentially Alters Postprandial Circulating Hormones and Macronutrient Metabolism in Dogs.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Recovery of 52 bacterial genomes from the fecal microbiome of the domestic cat (Microbiology resource announcements · 2023Article
- The Effect of Dietary Protein Concentration on the Fecal Microbiome and Serum Concentrations of Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins in Healthy Adult Cats.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Yeast Cell Wall Compounds on The Formation of Fermentation Products and Fecal Microbiota in Cats: An In Vivo and In Vitro Approach.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Effects of overfeeding on the digestive efficiency, voluntary physical activity levels, and fecal characteristics and microbiota of adult cats.Journal of animal science · 2023Article
- The effects of ambient temperature exposure on feline fecal metabolome.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Predictive equations for dietary energy are improved when independently developed for dry and wet food which could benefit both the pet and the environment.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Comparative Analyses of the Gut Microbiota in Growing Ragdoll Cats and Felinae Cats.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Mutual Links between the Endocannabinoidome and the Gut Microbiome, with Special Reference to Companion Animals: A Nutritional Viewpoint.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Effects of the Protein Concentration and Quality in a Canned Diet on the Fecal Microbiota of Healthy Adult Cats.Metabolites · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRelative levels of dietary protein and carbohydrate intake influence microbiota and their functional capabilities, but the effect has not been well documented in cats.
objectivesThe impact of 3 foods with different protein:carbohydrate ratios on the gut microbiota and functional attributes in healthy adult cats was evaluated.
methodsMale and female cats (n = 30; mean age: 5.1 y; mean body weight: 5.26 kg) were fed 1 of 3 foods [P28 (28.3% protein, dry matter basis), P35 (35.1%), and P55 (54.8%)] for 90 d in a Williams Latin Square design. Each food had a 1:1 ratio of animal (dried chicken) to plant (pea) protein; protein replaced carbohydrate as protein level increased. Fecal microbiota and their functional capability were assessed with 16S sequencing and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, respectively.
resultsFecal pH, ammonia, and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) were higher when cats consumed P55 food than when they consumed P28 and P35. Clear separation of samples between P28 and P55 based on bacterial genera was observed, with partitioning into saccharolytic and proteolytic functions, respectively. Significantly higher α diversity was seen with P55 than with P28 and P35. Amino acid metabolism, mucin foraging pathways, and urea metabolism were higher with P55 than with P28, whereas feces from cats fed P28 had higher concentrations of carbohydrate-active enzymes and enzymes involved in SCFA pathways than with P55. Bacterial genera that showed positive associations with amino acid catabolism also showed positive associations with mucin degradation.
conclusionsDespite higher protein digestibility and less protein arriving to the colon, when healthy adult cats consumed the highest level of protein (P55), their gut microbiota exhibited higher mucin glycan foraging and amino acid metabolism, leading to higher fecal pH, ammonia, and BCFAs. This is likely due to lower availability of carbohydrate substrates and dietary fiber as protein replaced carbohydrate in the food.
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Registered trials
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