ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
Prevalence of diarrhoeal pathogens among children under five years of age with and without diarrhoea in Guinea-Bissau.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Childhood diarrhoea attributed to enteropathogenic bacteria in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Human adenoviruses in children with gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of ETVAX, a vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-positive diarrhoea in Gambian children: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of ETVAX®, an oral inactivated vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial amongst Finnish travellers to Benin, West Africa.Journal of travel medicine · 2023Trial
- Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei among children under five in Kenya's urban informal settlement.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
- Enteric Pathogens in children under five with diarrhoea in a rotavirus vaccinated population in Coastal Ghana, 2023.PloS one · 2026Article
- Cryptosporidium infection and associated factors among diarrheic children under five years of age in Eastern Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Diagnostic dilemma: application of real-time PCR assays for the detection of Dientamoeba fragilis in medical and veterinary specimens.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- AnthropogenicMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Comparison of the recovery of PCR-detectable porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from filter papers under laboratory conditions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Prospective evaluation of different faecal preservation media for travellers' diarrhoea diagnostic application with multiplex PCR BioFire FilmArray in resource-limited settings.Journal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Contribution of domestic animals' feces to the occurrence of diarrhoea among children aged 6-48 months in Sidama region, Ethiopia: a laboratory-based matched case-control study.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- Characteristics of PathogenicTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Genomic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Enteric Bacteria from Healthy Children in Osun State, Nigeria.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- No evidence of pathogenicity of Dientamoeba fragilis following detection in stools: A case-control study.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2024Article
- Article
- The genomic epidemiology of shigellosis in South Africa.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Prevalence of DiarrhoeagenicMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Severe acute malnutrition promotes bacterial binding over proinflammatory cytokine secretion by circulating innate immune cells.Science advances · 2023Article
- PathogenicFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChildhood diarrhoea, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income regions, remains scarcely studied in many countries, such as Guinea-Bissau. Stool sample drying enables later qPCR analyses of pathogens without concern about electricity shortages.
methodsDried stool samples of children under five years treated at the Bandim Health Centre in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau were screened by qPCR for nine enteric bacteria, five viruses, and four parasites. The findings of children having and not having diarrhoea were compared in age groups 0-11 and 12-59 months.
resultsOf the 429 children- 228 with and 201 without diarrhoea- 96.9% and 93.5% had bacterial, 62.7% and 44.3% viral, and 52.6% and 48.3% parasitic pathogen findings, respectively. Enteroaggregarive Escherichia coli (EAEC; 60.5% versus 66.7%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC; 61.4% versus 62.7%), Campylobacter (53.2% versus 51.8%), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC; 54.4% versus 44.3%) were the most common bacterial pathogens. Diarrhoea was associated with enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)/Shigella (63.3%), ETEC (54.4%), astrovirus (75.0%), norovirus GII (72.6%) and Cryptosporidium (71.2%). The only pathogen associated with severe diarrhoea was EIEC/Shigella (p<0.001). EAEC was found more frequent among the infants, and EIEC/Shigella, Giardia duodenalis and Dientamoeba fragilis among the older children.
conclusionsStool pathogens proved common among all the children regardless of them having diarrhoea or not.
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