ArticleArchives of microbiology2021
Ciprofloxacin induced antibiotic resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium mutants and genome analysis.
Article in Archives of microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peptide PN5 fromACS omega · 2025Article
- Computational identification of novel natural inhibitors against triple mutant DNA gyrase A in fluoroquinolone-resistantBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Salmonella typhimurium infection after lingual mucosa graft ureteroplasty: a case report and review of literature.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella species is well reported. Ciprofloxacin is the frontline antibiotic for salmonellosis. The repeated exposure to ciprofloxacin leads to resistant strains. After 20 cycles of antibiotic exposure, resistant bacterial clones were evaluated. The colony size of the mutants was small and had an extended lag phase compared to parent strain. The whole genome sequencing showed 40,513 mutations across the genome. Small percentage (5.2%) of mutations was non-synonymous. Four-fold more transitions were observed than transversions. Ratio of < 1 transition vs transversion showed a positive selection for antibiotic resistant trait. Mutation distribution across the genome was uniform. The native plasmid was an exception and 2 mutations were observed on 90 kb plasmid. The important genes like dnaE, gyrA, iroC, metH and rpoB involved in antibiotic resistance had point mutations. The genome analysis revealed most of the metabolic pathways were affected.
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