Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34584952›Full record

ArticleACS central science2021

Sialic Acid Ligands of CD28 Suppress Costimulation of T Cells.

Landon J Edgar, Andrew J Thompson, Vincent F Vartabedian, Chika Kikuchi, Jordan L Woehl, John R Teijaro, James C Paulson

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS central science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  12. Frontiers in immunology · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Glycoengineering in antigen-specific immunotherapies.Current opinion in chemical biology · 2024
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Siglec-15/sialic acid axis as a central glyco-immune checkpoint in breast cancer bone metastasis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Landon J EdgarDepartment of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
Andrew J ThompsonDepartment of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7865-1856
Vincent F VartabedianDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
Chika KikuchiDepartment of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
Jordan L WoehlDepartment of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
John R TeijaroDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
James C PaulsonDepartment of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4589-5322
Scripps Research Institute · US

Funding

REGULATION OF SIALOSIDE EXPRESSION IN LEUKOCYTESR01AI050143 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI PAULSON, JAMES C · 2003 to 2018
$7.0M
Exploiting inhibitory Siglecs for desensitizing mast cellsR01AI132790 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI PAULSON, JAMES C · 2018 to 2022
$3.1M
Novel Strategies for Controlling Persistent Viral InfectionR01AI123210 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI TEIJARO, JOHN ROSS · 2016 to 2019
$1.9M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI050143NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI123210NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI132790
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Effector T cells comprise the cellular arm of the adaptive immune system and are essential for mounting immune responses against pathogens and cancer. To reach effector status, costimulation through CD28 is required. Here, we report that sialic acid-containing glycans on the surface of both T cells and APCs are alternative ligands of CD28 that compete with binding to its well-documented activatory ligand CD80 on the APC, resulting in attenuated costimulation. Removal of sialic acids enhances antigen-mediated activation of naïve T cells and also increases the revival of effector T cells made hypofunctional or exhausted via chronic viral infection. This occurs through a mechanism that is synergistic with antibody blockade of the inhibitory PD-1 axis. These results reveal a previously unrecognized role of sialic acid ligands in attenuation of CD28-mediated costimulation of T cells.

Identifiers

PMID34584952
PMCPMC8461770
OpenAlexW3194121618

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.