ArticleIndian journal of psychological medicine2021
Zolpidem for Insomnia: A Double-Edged Sword. A Systematic Literature Review on Zolpidem-Induced Complex Sleep Behaviors.
Article in Indian journal of psychological medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Z-drug abuse and dependence: clinical guideline of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology for diagnosis and management.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2025Guideline
- Current evidence and future perspectives in the exploration of sleep-related eating disorder-a systematic literature review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Prevalence of different parasomnias in the general Norwegian population, and their association with insomnia, anxiety, and depression. A cross-sectional web-panel survey.Frontiers in sleep · 2026Article
- Article
- A Longitudinal Analysis of Black Box Warnings: Trends and Implications for Drug Safety.Cureus · 2024Review
- Abrupt Withdrawal From Chronic High-Dose Zolpidem Use: A Case Report of Resulting Delirium.Cureus · 2023Article
- Case report: Hyperactive delirium after a single dose of zolpidem administered additionally to psychopharmacotherapy including clozapine.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- An integrative model as a step toward increasing the awareness of eating disorders in the general population.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Effects of pharmacological therapy on sleep quality in a postoperative setting: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBeing a nonbenzodiazepine, zolpidem is believed to have a favorable side-effect profile and is widely prescribed for insomnia. However, in the past few years, numerous neuropsychiatric adverse reactions, particularly complex sleep behaviors (CSBs), have been reported with zolpidem.
objectiveTo conduct a systematic review of zolpidem-associated CSBs. DATA SOURCES: An electronic search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane database of systematic reviews to extract relevant articles till July 2020. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Any type of literature article (case report, case series, and observational or interventional study) reporting CSBs associated with zolpidem.
resultsIn this review, we present aggregate summarized data from 148 patients presenting with zolpidem-induced CSBs (79 patients from 23 case reports and 5 case series; 69 patients out of 1454 taking zolpidem [4.7%] from three observational clinical studies). Various types of CSBs associated with zolpidem were reported, most common being sleepwalking/somnambulism and sleep-related eating disorder. On causality assessment, around 88% of cases were found to have a probable association with zolpidem. LIMITATIONS: Extraction of data from observational studies and spontaneous reports, due to nonavailability of any randomized controlled trials relevant to the study objective. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION OF KEY
findingsZolpidem-induced CSBs, although not very common, may develop when the drug is used at therapeutic doses for insomnia. Doctors need to be alert to monitor such adverse effects of zolpidem and exercise caution while prescribing it.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.