ArticleJournal of marriage and the family2016
Hugs, Not Hits: Warmth and Spanking as Predictors of Child Social Competence.
Article in Journal of marriage and the family, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Attachment and Affect between Mothers with Depression and their Children: Longitudinal Outcomes of Child Parent Psychotherapy.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2021Trial
- How are parental practices and attitudes towards corporal punishment related to child academic, developmental, or psychological-emotional dysfunctioning?European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Article
- Associations between 11 parental discipline behaviours and child outcomes across 60 countries.BMJ open · 2023Article
- An Examination of Parents' Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) History and Reported Spanking of Their Child: Informing Child Maltreatment Prevention Efforts.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Associations between spanking beliefs and reported spanking among adolescents-parent/caregiver dyads in a Canadian sample.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Parent Discipline and Pre-schoolers' Social Skills.Early child development and care · 2022Article
- Explicating Child-Driven Patterns of Parent-Child Responsivity in Fragile Families: A Longitudinal Approach.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Preventing maltreatment in institutional care: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in East Africa.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Development of Social Skills in Kindergarten: A Latent Class Growth Modeling Approach.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Physical punishment and child outcomes: a narrative review of prospective studies.Lancet (London, England) · 2021Review
- Themes and Theories Revisited: Perspectives on Processes in Family-Peer Relationships.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Examining the Longitudinal Effect of Spanking on Young Latinx Child Behavior Problems.Journal of child and family studies · 2020Article
- Household economic hardship as a moderator of the associations between maternal spanking and child externalizing behavior problems.Child abuse & neglect · 2020Article
- Spanking and adult mental health impairment: The case for the designation of spanking as an adverse childhood experience.Child abuse & neglect · 2017Article
- Promising intervention strategies to reduce parents' use of physical punishment.Child abuse & neglect · 2017Article
- The relationships between harsh physical punishment and child maltreatment in childhood and intimate partner violence in adulthood.BMC public health · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Many parents believe that spanking is an effective way to promote children's positive behavior, yet few studies have examined spanking and the development of social competence. Using information from 3,279 families with young children who participated in a longitudinal study of urban families, this study tested competing hypotheses regarding whether maternal spanking or maternal warmth predicted increased social competence and decreased child aggression over time and which parent behavior was a stronger predictor of these changes. The frequency of maternal spanking was unrelated to maternal warmth. Findings from cross-lagged path models indicated that spanking was not associated with children's social competence, but spanking predicted increases in child aggression. Conversely, maternal warmth predicted children's greater social competence but was not associated with aggression. Warmth was a significantly stronger predictor of children's social competence than spanking, suggesting that warmth may be a more effective way to promote children's social competence than spanking.
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