ReviewNature reviews. Cancer2021
Glial and myeloid heterogeneity in the brain tumour microenvironment.
Review in Nature reviews. Cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Microbiome in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Tumor-Immune Interactions, and Translational Perspectives.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Targeting LDHA Palmitoylation Sensitizes GBM to Chemoradiotherapy via Suppressing Palmitic Acid Induced Glycolytic Reprogramming.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Stroke drives glioma progression through the emergence of tumor-associated astrocytes with reduced CaNature cancer · 2026Article
- The role of SUMOylation in regulating proteins that drive neuronal disease progression.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- The Invasive Margin of Glioblastoma as a Molecular Ecosystem: Spatial Heterogeneity, Tumor-Host Interactions, and Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hypoxic CA9-high mesenchymal-like glioma stem cells promote ANXA1-FPR1-dependent macrophage polarization in recurrent glioblastoma.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Glioma-intrinsic MAPK/ERK signaling promotes immunotherapy efficacy through T cell infiltration and interferon responses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Triple metachronous primary brain tumors: sequential occurrence of astrocytoma, atypical meningioma, and high-grade glioma without radiotherapy exposure. Illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2026Article
- Recent advances in self-assembled nanoplatforms for central nervous system disorders therapy: Design principles, multifunctional strategies, and therapeutic applications.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Region-specific proteomic profiling of brain interstitial fluidLab on a chip · 2026Article
- Single-Cell Atlas of Renal Cell Carcinoma Brain Metastasis Uncovers Mechanisms of Immune Dysfunction and Resistance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Astrocyte-driven immunosuppression in the brain tumor microenvironment.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Accumulation of Siglec10European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Brain metastases exhibit distinct spatial patterns of resident and infiltrating macrophages.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Precision Immunotherapeutics for Glioblastoma: Current Approaches and Emerging Strategies in 2026.Cells · 2026Review
- Metabolic Landscape and Emerging Therapeutic Potential in Pediatric and Adult Gliomas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Brain-cancer interactions outside the CNS.Oncogene · 2026Review
- Targeting mesenchymal monocyte-derived macrophages to enhance the sensitivity of glioblastoma to temozolomide by inhibiting TNF/CELSR2/p65/Kla-HDAC1/EPAS1 axis.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Myeloid PD-1 Regulates Astrocyte Development and Leads to Active Behaviours.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Brain cancers carry bleak prognoses, with therapeutic advances helping only a minority of patients over the past decade. The brain tumour microenvironment (TME) is highly immunosuppressive and differs from that of other malignancies as a result of the glial, neural and immune cell populations that constitute it. Until recently, the study of the brain TME was limited by the lack of methods to de-convolute this complex system at the single-cell level. However, novel technical approaches have begun to reveal the immunosuppressive and tumour-promoting properties of distinct glial and myeloid cell populations in the TME, identifying new therapeutic opportunities. Here, we discuss the immune modulatory functions of microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages and astrocytes in brain metastases and glioma, highlighting their disease-associated heterogeneity and drawing from the insights gained by studying these malignancies and other neurological disorders. Lastly, we consider potential approaches for the therapeutic modulation of the brain TME.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.