ArticleScientific reports2021
A scaffold-free approach to cartilage tissue generation using human embryonic stem cells.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- From microtissues to macro solutions - The future of scalable and automated cartilage tissue engineering.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- The osteochondral regeneration paradox: why biomimetic scaffolds are biologically superior but injectable systems dominate the clinic.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Utilization of Stem Cells in Medicine: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Incorporation of Cross-Linked Gelatin Microparticles To Enhance Cell Attachment and Chondrogenesis in Carboxylated Agarose Bioinks for Cartilage Engineering.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Human Septal Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Current Methodologies and Future Directions.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Recent advancements in cartilage tissue engineering innovation and translation.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Dihydrotanshinone I protects human chondrocytes and alleviates damage from spontaneous osteoarthritis in a guinea pig model.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Microcarriers in application for cartilage tissue engineering: Recent progress and challenges.Bioactive materials · 2022Review
- New Insights into Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Improvement of Tissue-Scaffold Integration to Enhance Cartilage Regeneration.BioMed research international · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Articular cartilage functions as a shock absorber and facilitates the free movement of joints. Currently, there are no therapeutic drugs that promote the healing of damaged articular cartilage. Limitations associated with the two clinically relevant cell populations, human articular chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells, necessitate finding an alternative cell source for cartilage repair. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide a readily accessible population of self-renewing, pluripotent cells with perceived immunoprivileged properties for cartilage generation. We have developed a robust method to generate 3D, scaffold-free, hyaline cartilage tissue constructs from hESCs that are composed of numerous chondrocytes in lacunae, embedded in an extracellular matrix containing Type II collagen, sulphated glycosaminoglycans and Aggrecan. The elastic (Young's) modulus of the hESC-derived cartilage tissue constructs (0.91 ± 0.08 MPa) was comparable to full-thickness human articular cartilage (0.87 ± 0.09 MPa). Moreover, we have successfully scaled up the size of the scaffold-free, 3D hESC-derived cartilage tissue constructs to between 4.5 mm and 6 mm, thus enhancing their suitability for clinical application.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.