Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34584007›Full record

ArticleCMAJ open

Hepatitis C virus infection in First Nations populations in Ontario from 2006 to 2014: a population-based retrospective cohort analysis.

Andrew Mendlowitz, Karen E Bremner, Jennifer D Walker, William W L Wong, Jordan J Feld, Beate Sander, Lyndia Jones, Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Murray Krahn

Abstract readComment
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in CMAJ open. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Characterizing the cascade of care for hepatitis C virus infection among Status First Nations peoples in Ontario: a retrospective cohort study.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2023
    Article
  3. Article
  4. National Hepatitis C estimates: Incidence, prevalence, undiagnosed proportion and treatment, Canada, 2019.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Andrew MendlowitzInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Mendlowitz, Sander, Isaranuwatchai, Krahn), University of Toronto; Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative (Mendlowitz, Bremner, Sander, Krahn), University Health Network; ICES Central (Mendlowitz, Walker, Sander, Krahn), Toronto, Ont.; School of Rural and Northern Health (Walker), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont.; School of Pharmacy (Wong), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (Feld), Toronto General Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Sander), Toronto, Ont.; Ontario First Nations HIV/AIDS Education Circle (Jones), London, Ont.; St. Michael's Hospital (Isaranuwatchai), Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont. andrew.mendlowitz@mail.utoronto.ca.
Karen E BremnerInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Mendlowitz, Sander, Isaranuwatchai, Krahn), University of Toronto; Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative (Mendlowitz, Bremner, Sander, Krahn), University Health Network; ICES Central (Mendlowitz, Walker, Sander, Krahn), Toronto, Ont.; School of Rural and Northern Health (Walker), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont.; School of Pharmacy (Wong), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (Feld), Toronto General Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Sander), Toronto, Ont.; Ontario First Nations HIV/AIDS Education Circle (Jones), London, Ont.; St. Michael's Hospital (Isaranuwatchai), Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Jennifer D WalkerInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Mendlowitz, Sander, Isaranuwatchai, Krahn), University of Toronto; Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative (Mendlowitz, Bremner, Sander, Krahn), University Health Network; ICES Central (Mendlowitz, Walker, Sander, Krahn), Toronto, Ont.; School of Rural and Northern Health (Walker), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont.; School of Pharmacy (Wong), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (Feld), Toronto General Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Sander), Toronto, Ont.; Ontario First Nations HIV/AIDS Education Circle (Jones), London, Ont.; St. Michael's Hospital (Isaranuwatchai), Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
William W L WongInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Mendlowitz, Sander, Isaranuwatchai, Krahn), University of Toronto; Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative (Mendlowitz, Bremner, Sander, Krahn), University Health Network; ICES Central (Mendlowitz, Walker, Sander, Krahn), Toronto, Ont.; School of Rural and Northern Health (Walker), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont.; School of Pharmacy (Wong), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (Feld), Toronto General Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Sander), Toronto, Ont.; Ontario First Nations HIV/AIDS Education Circle (Jones), London, Ont.; St. Michael's Hospital (Isaranuwatchai), Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Jordan J FeldInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Mendlowitz, Sander, Isaranuwatchai, Krahn), University of Toronto; Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative (Mendlowitz, Bremner, Sander, Krahn), University Health Network; ICES Central (Mendlowitz, Walker, Sander, Krahn), Toronto, Ont.; School of Rural and Northern Health (Walker), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont.; School of Pharmacy (Wong), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (Feld), Toronto General Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Sander), Toronto, Ont.; Ontario First Nations HIV/AIDS Education Circle (Jones), London, Ont.; St. Michael's Hospital (Isaranuwatchai), Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Beate SanderInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Mendlowitz, Sander, Isaranuwatchai, Krahn), University of Toronto; Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative (Mendlowitz, Bremner, Sander, Krahn), University Health Network; ICES Central (Mendlowitz, Walker, Sander, Krahn), Toronto, Ont.; School of Rural and Northern Health (Walker), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont.; School of Pharmacy (Wong), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (Feld), Toronto General Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Sander), Toronto, Ont.; Ontario First Nations HIV/AIDS Education Circle (Jones), London, Ont.; St. Michael's Hospital (Isaranuwatchai), Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Lyndia JonesInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Mendlowitz, Sander, Isaranuwatchai, Krahn), University of Toronto; Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative (Mendlowitz, Bremner, Sander, Krahn), University Health Network; ICES Central (Mendlowitz, Walker, Sander, Krahn), Toronto, Ont.; School of Rural and Northern Health (Walker), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont.; School of Pharmacy (Wong), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (Feld), Toronto General Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Sander), Toronto, Ont.; Ontario First Nations HIV/AIDS Education Circle (Jones), London, Ont.; St. Michael's Hospital (Isaranuwatchai), Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Wanrudee IsaranuwatchaiInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Mendlowitz, Sander, Isaranuwatchai, Krahn), University of Toronto; Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative (Mendlowitz, Bremner, Sander, Krahn), University Health Network; ICES Central (Mendlowitz, Walker, Sander, Krahn), Toronto, Ont.; School of Rural and Northern Health (Walker), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont.; School of Pharmacy (Wong), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (Feld), Toronto General Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Sander), Toronto, Ont.; Ontario First Nations HIV/AIDS Education Circle (Jones), London, Ont.; St. Michael's Hospital (Isaranuwatchai), Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Murray KrahnInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Mendlowitz, Sander, Isaranuwatchai, Krahn), University of Toronto; Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative (Mendlowitz, Bremner, Sander, Krahn), University Health Network; ICES Central (Mendlowitz, Walker, Sander, Krahn), Toronto, Ont.; School of Rural and Northern Health (Walker), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont.; School of Pharmacy (Wong), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (Feld), Toronto General Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Sander), Toronto, Ont.; Ontario First Nations HIV/AIDS Education Circle (Jones), London, Ont.; St. Michael's Hospital (Isaranuwatchai), Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

Funding

CIHR NHC-142832CIHR PJT 166039
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes substantial morbidity and mortality in Canada and is of concern among First Nations communities. In partnership with the Ontario First Nations HIV/AIDS Education Circle, we described trends in HCV testing and epidemiologic features among Status First Nations people in Ontario.

methodsIn this retrospective study, we used health administrative databases for 2006-2014 in Ontario with 3 cohorts of Status First Nations people: those tested for HCV for the first time, those who tested positive for HCV antibodies or RNA, and those with no HCV laboratory or testing records. We examined cohort characteristics, and the annual prevalence and incidence of testing and diagnosis of HCV infection. Outcomes were stratified by region, sex and residence within or outside of First Nations communities.

resultsDuring the study period, 2423 Status First Nations people were diagnosed with HCV infection, 20 481 received their first test, and 135 185 had no test record. The point prevalence of ever having been tested increased from 6.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.2-6.5) per 100 people in 2006 to 16.2 (95% CI 16.0-16.4) per 100 people in 2014. The point prevalence of diagnosed HCV infection increased from 0.9 (95% CI 0.9-1.0) to 2.0 (95% CI 1.9-2.0) per 100 people. The incidence of first test and of diagnosis increased from 12.1 (95% CI 11.5-12.6) to 21.3 (95% CI 20.5-22.1) per 1000 person-years and from 1.3 (95% CI 1.1-1.5) to 2.3 (95% CI 2.1-2.6) per 1000 person-years, respectively. Testing, diagnosis and prevalence of HCV infection were consistently higher among people living outside of versus within First Nations communities, but larger increases over time were observed among those living within First Nations communities.

interpretationTesting and diagnosis of HCV infection increased from 2006 to 2014 among Status First Nations people in Ontario. Our findings indicate the need for population-level efforts to eliminate hepatitis C in First Nations communities.

Indexed as

HepacivirusHepatitis CCohort StudiesHumansOntarioRetrospective Studies

Identifiers

PMID34584007
PMCPMC8486470

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.