Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34583972›Full record

ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2021

Social determinants of health impacting adherence to diabetic retinopathy examinations.

Cindy X Cai, Yixuan Li, Scott L Zeger, Melissa L McCarthy

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Cindy X CaiWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA ccai6@jhmi.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-3752-7239
Yixuan LiDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Scott L ZegerDepartment of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Melissa L McCarthyDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Milken Institute · USJohns Hopkins Hospital · USJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Integrating Social Determinants of Health Into Risk Adjustment Models: An Opportunity to Improve Care Coordination Strategies For Medicaid BeneficiariesR01MD011607 · NIMHD · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MCCARTHY, MELISSA L · 2017 to 2020
$2.5M
NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD011607
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis study evaluates the association of multidimensional social determinants of health (SDoH) with non-adherence to diabetic retinopathy examinations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsThis was a post-hoc subgroup analysis of adults with diabetes in a prospective cohort study of enrollees in the Washington, DC Medicaid program. At study enrollment, participants were given a comprehensive SDoH survey based on the WHO SDoH model. Adherence to recommended dilated diabetic retinopathy examinations, as determined by qualifying Current Procedural Terminology codes in the insurance claims, was defined as having at least one eye examination in the 2-year period following study enrollment.

resultsOf the 8943 participants enrolled in the prospective study, 1492 (64% female, 91% non-Hispanic Black) were included in this post-hoc subgroup analysis. 47.7% (n=712) were adherent to the recommended biennial diabetic eye examinations. Not having a regular provider (eg, a primary care physician) and having poor housing conditions (eg, overcrowded, inadequate heating) were associated with decreased odds of adherence to diabetic eye examinations (0.45 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.64) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.94), respectively) in the multivariate logistic regression analysis controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, overall health status using the Chronic Disability Payment System, diabetes severity using the Diabetes Complications Severity Index, history of eye disease, and history of diabetic eye disease treatment.

conclusionsA multidimensional evaluation of SDoH revealed barriers that impact adherence to diabetic retinopathy examinations. Having poor housing conditions and not having a regular provider were associated with poor adherence. A brief SDoH assessment could be incorporated into routine clinical care to identify social risks and connect patients with the necessary resources to improve adherence to diabetic retinopathy examinations.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusDiabetic RetinopathyAdultFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesSocial Determinants of HealthSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited Statesblindnessdiabetes mellitusdiabetic retinopathytype 2

Identifiers

PMID34583972
PMCPMC8479983
OpenAlexW3204680982

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.