Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34583961›Full record

ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2022

Socioeconomic position and SARS-CoV-2 infections: seroepidemiological findings from a German nationwide dynamic cohort.

Jens Hoebel, Markus M Grabka, Carsten Schröder, Sebastian Haller, Hannelore Neuhauser, Benjamin Wachtler, Lars Schaade, Stefan Liebig, Claudia Hövener, Sabine Zinn

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Uncovering the toll of the first three COVID-19 waves: excess mortality and social patterns in Belgium.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024
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  17. Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) · 2022
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  18. Personal Protective Measures during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Jens HoebelDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany j.hoebel@rki.de.ORCID 0000-0002-6623-1579
Markus M GrabkaSocio-Economic Panel, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin, Germany.
Carsten SchröderSocio-Economic Panel, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin, Germany.
Sebastian HallerDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Hannelore NeuhauserDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Benjamin WachtlerDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3959-5676
Lars SchaadeCentre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Stefan LiebigSocio-Economic Panel, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin, Germany.
Claudia HövenerDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Sabine ZinnSocio-Economic Panel, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin, Germany.
Robert Koch Institute · DEGerman Institute for Economic Research · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEvidence on the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and infections with SARS-CoV-2 is still limited as most of the available studies are ecological in nature. This is the first German nationwide study to examine differences in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections according to SEP at the individual level.

methodsThe 'CORONA-MONITORING bundesweit' (RKI-SOEP) study is a seroepidemiological survey among a dynamic cohort of the German adult population (n=15 122; October 2020-February 2021). Dried blood samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and oral-nasal swabs for viral RNA. SEP was measured by education and income. Robust logistic regression was used to examine adjusted associations of SARS-CoV-2 infections with SEP.

results288 participants were seropositive, PCR positive or self-reported a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The adjusted odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection were 1.87-fold (95% CI 1.06 to 3.29) higher among low-educated than highly educated adults. Evidence was weaker for income differences in infections (OR=1.65; 95% CI 0.89 to 3.05). Highly educated adults had lower odds of undetected infection.

conclusionThe results indicate an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in low-educated groups. To promote health equity in the pandemic and beyond, social determinants should be addressed more in infection protection and pandemic planning.

Indexed as

COVID-19AdultHealth PromotionHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Socioeconomic Factorscommunicable diseasesCOVID-19health inequalitiesinfectionssocial class

Identifiers

PMID34583961
PMCPMC8921578
OpenAlexW3202745942

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.