Observational studyHealth and quality of life outcomes2021
Design, validation and implementation of the post-acute (long) COVID-19 quality of life (PAC-19QoL) instrument.
Observational study in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04586413 (Post Acute COVID-19 Quality of Life), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Post Acute COVID-19 Quality of Life (PAC-19QoL) Tool Development and Patient Registry (PAC-19QoLReg)
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Patient-reported outcome measures for post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review of instruments and measurement properties.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Longitudinal Evaluation of an Integrated Post-COVID-19/Long COVID Management Program Consisting of Digital Interventions and Personal Support: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Trial
- Health-related quality of life in IBD patients with long COVID under China's normalized COVID-19 management.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Development of the long COVID - 6 dimensions quality of life (LC-6D-QoL) scale: a Delphi study.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Article
- Large-Scale Psychometric Assessment and Validation of the Modified COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Long COVID or Post-COVID Syndrome.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Patient-centred interprofessional teleconsultation for post-viral symptom complexes in German primary care-protocol for the cluster-randomised controlled COVI-Care M-V trial.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Well-being among people with long and short COVID: a serial cross-sectional study in Victoria, Australia.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- The Importance of Including Long COVID Outcomes When Developing Novel Treatments for Acute COVID-19.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The symptoms evolution of long COVID‑19 (SE-LC19): a new patient-reported content valid instrument.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2024Article
- Thematic analysis to explore patients' experiences with long COVID-19: a conceptual model of symptoms and impacts on daily lives.BMJ open · 2024Review
- Gender differences in symptomatology, socio-demographic information and quality of life in Spanish population with long COVID condition: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Observational
- Influence of Clinical and Sociodemographic Variables on Health-Related Quality of Life in the Adult Population with Long COVID.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Validation of the Slovakian Version of the "Post‑acute (Long) COVID‑19 Quality of Life Instrument" and Pilot Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2023Article
- Post-acute (long) COVID-19 quality of life: validation of the German version of (PAC19QoL) instrument.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Article
- The Challenge of Long COVID-19 Management: From Disease Molecular Hallmarks to the Proposal of Exercise as Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Follow-Up of a Cohort of Patients with Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome in a Belgian Family Practice.Viruses · 2022Article
- Development and Validation of the Medical Affairs Pharmaceutical Physician Value (MAPPval) Instrument.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2022Article
- Development of a Definition for Medical Affairs Using the Jandhyala Method for Observing Consensus Opinion Among Medical Affairs Pharmaceutical Physicians.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a global pandemic, resulting in a disease termed COVID-19, which commonly presents in adults as a typical infection of the upper respiratory tract. Although the disease is often acute, one in ten patients can continue to be affected for weeks or months, resulting in a state called long COVID. Existing evidence suggests there are no patient-centred instruments for capturing the impact of long COVID on the quality of life of people affected.
methodsThe Jandhyala Method was used to identify indicators of long COVID quality of life. The resulting post-acute (long) COVID-19 Quality of Life (PAC-19QoL) instrument was validated with a control group of unaffected participants and finally implemented in the dedicated patient registry, PAC-19QoLReg.
participants15 participants suffering from long COVID, who have been positively diagnosed with COVID-19, either via diagnostic or antibody tests and a validation control group of 16 healthy participants who have not suffered from COVID-19.
main outcome measuresIndicators submitted by participants with long COVID that address the specific impact of the illness on their quality of life.
resultsForty-four Quality of Life Indicators (QoLI) across four domains, namely, psychological, physical, social, and work, were agreed by the participants with long COVID to be relevant for the assessment of their quality of life (CI > 0.5). The validation stage identified 35/44 QoLIs that differentiated between the two groups, with a statistically significant difference between the mean QoLI Likert Scores (p < 0.05).
conclusionsThe PAC-19QoL instrument and PAC-19QoLReg prospective observational cohort clinical study will enable an understanding of disease progression, on and off treatment, on the quality of life of patients with long COVID beyond simple symptomatology.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04586413; 14th October 2020.
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