ArticlePloS one2021
Retrieval (N400) and integration (P600) in expectation-based comprehension.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Linguistic information may compensate for age-related decline in attentional filtering.Communications biology · 2026Article
- From form to concept: a dynamic spatiotemporal brain network cascade supports language comprehension.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Neurophysiology of Sleep-Deprivation Part 1: Effects of Sleep-Deprivation on Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)-Systematic and Mechanistic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Using N400 Event-Related Potential to Detect Differences in Design-Mode and Belief-Mode Scaffold Use.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Broadening the Agent Preference Hypothesis Through Experiencers: Eye-Tracking and EEG Evidence of Proto-Agents and Proto-Patients.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2026Article
- Semantics and syntax effects on event-related fields during speech comprehension: a MEG study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Finger-tracking captures distinct cognitive signatures in L1 vs. L2 reading.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Euphemisms modulate the neural processing of norm violations.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Regression analyses of event-related brain potentials dissociate general reading experience and domain-specific knowledge sources during language comprehension.Frontiers in cognition · 2026Article
- Attentional Engagement with Target and Distractor Streams Predicts Speech Comprehension in Multitalker Environments.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Performing a task with a friend does not change semantic processes but preparation: a social N400 and CNV event-related potential study.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Registered Report: Neural correlates of thematic role assignment for passives in Standard Indonesian.PloS one · 2025Article
- Single-trial neurodynamics reveal N400 and P600 coupling in language comprehension.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2024Article
- DERCo: A Dataset for Human Behaviour in Reading Comprehension Using EEG.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Cloze probability, predictability ratings, and computational estimates for 205 English sentences, aligned with existing EEG and reading time data.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- Curiosity Satisfaction Increases Event-related Potentials Sensitive to Reward.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
- On the Mathematical Relationship Between Contextual Probability and N400 Amplitude.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2024Article
- Delayed predictive inference integration with and revision by low-competitive inference alternatives in Chinese narrative text reading.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Unveiling the need of interactions for social N400s and supporting the N400 inhibition hypothesis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Brain Signatures of Embodied Semantics and Language: A Consensus Paper.Journal of cognition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Expectation-based theories of language processing, such as Surprisal theory, are supported by evidence of anticipation effects in both behavioural and neurophysiological measures. Online measures of language processing, however, are known to be influenced by factors such as lexical association that are distinct from-but often confounded with-expectancy. An open question therefore is whether a specific locus of expectancy related effects can be established in neural and behavioral processing correlates. We address this question in an event-related potential experiment and a self-paced reading experiment that independently cross expectancy and lexical association in a context manipulation design. We find that event-related potentials reveal that the N400 is sensitive to both expectancy and lexical association, while the P600 is modulated only by expectancy. Reading times, in turn, reveal effects of both association and expectancy in the first spillover region, followed by effects of expectancy alone in the second spillover region. These findings are consistent with the Retrieval-Integration account of language comprehension, according to which lexical retrieval (N400) is facilitated for words that are both expected and associated, whereas integration difficulty (P600) will be greater for unexpected words alone. Further, an exploratory analysis suggests that the P600 is not merely sensitive to expectancy violations, but rather, that there is a continuous relation. Taken together, these results suggest that the P600, like reading times, may reflect a meaning-centric notion of Surprisal in language comprehension.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.