ReviewThe oncologist2021
Adherence to Endocrine Therapy and Racial Outcome Disparities in Breast Cancer.
Review in The oncologist, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Racial Differences in Breast Cancer Survival Between Black and White Women According to Tumor Subtype: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Geographic and sociodemographic access to systemic anticancer therapies for secondary breast cancer: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Racial Disparities in Locoregional Recurrence in Postmenopausal Patients with Stage I-III, Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Enrolled in the NSABP B-42 Clinical Trial.Annals of surgical oncology · 2023Trial
- Adjuvant endocrine therapy non-initiation and non-persistence in young women with early-stage breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2023Trial
- A Population Based Analysis of Breast Cancer Outcomes Among Disaggregated Asian American and Pacific Islander Women.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- The RESILIENT Study: A Retrospective, Descriptive, Correlational Investigation of Correlates of Oral Endocrine Therapy Adherence in Older Women With Breast Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Comparing endocrine therapy adherence across EHR and claims data by race and ethnicity, language, and insurance.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Breast cancer inequities: the intersectional role of social epidemiology and tumor biology.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Review
- Prescribing patterns and real-world clinical usage of adjuvant abemaciclib for early-stage, high-risk, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.JCO oncology advances · 2026Article
- Improving treatment education in Black and South Asian women.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Article
- County-level socioeconomic status, rurality, and second primary cancer risk among breast cancer survivors in the United States.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Barriers to endocrine therapy adherence: perspectives of Black breast cancer survivors and their providers.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2025Article
- Silent suffering: the impact of sexual health challenges on patient-clinician communication and adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among Black women with early-stage breast cancer.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2025Article
- Adherence to Oral Hormonal Treatment among Breast Cancer Patients in Egypt.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Article
- Second primary cancer risks according to race and ethnicity among U.S. breast cancer survivors.International journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Differences in 21-Gene and PAM50 Recurrence Scores in Younger and Black Women With Breast Cancer.JCO precision oncology · 2024Article
- Simulating the population impact of interventions to reduce racial gaps in breast cancer treatment.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024Article
- Investigation of Factors Affecting Adherence to Adjuvant Hormone Therapy in Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.Journal of breast cancer · 2023Article
- Motivational Interviewing Counseling to Increase Endocrine Therapy Adherence in Diverse Patients.Cancers · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The disparity in outcomes of breast cancer for Black compared with White women in the U.S. is well known and persistent over time, with the largest disparities appearing among women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) cancers. The racial gap in breast cancer survival first emerged in the 1980s, a time of significantmen treatment advances in early-stage breast cancer, including the introduction of adjuvant endocrine therapy. Since that time, the gap has continued to widen despite steady advances in treatment and survival of breast cancer overall. Although advanced stage at presentation and unfavorable biology undoubtedly contribute to racial differences in survival of HR+ breast, treatment disparities are increasingly acknowledged to play a key role as well. The recent recognition of racial differences in endocrine therapy use may be a key explanatory factor in the persistent racial gap in mortality of HR+ disease, and may be a key focus of intervention to improve breast cancer outcomes for Black women. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Black women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer experience the greatest racial disparity in survival among all breast cancer subtypes. This survival gap appears consistently across studies and is not entirely explained by differences in presenting stage, tumor biology as assessed by genomic risk scores, or receipt of chemotherapy. Recent research highlights lower adherence to endocrine therapy (ET) for Black women. Health systems and individual providers should focus on improving communication about the importance of ET use, sharing decisions around ET, providing appropriate support for side effects and other ET-related concerns, and equitably delivering survivorship care, including ET adherence assessment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.