Observational studyScandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation2021
Pro-Enkephalin and its association with renal function in Middle Eastern immigrants and native Swedes.
Observational study in Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum proenkephalin-A as a potential biomarker for assessing renal impairment severity in diabetic kidney disease.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Proenkephalin (PENK): a functional biomarker in chronic kidney diseases - hope or just a new bystander?Journal of nephrology · 2025Review
- Markers of Kidney Injury: Proenkephalin A and Uromodulin, but Not Dickkopf-3, Are Elevated in Patients After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Iraqi-born immigrants residing in Sweden exhibit lower blood pressure as well as better renal function despite an overall worse metabolic risk profile in comparison with native Swedes. This may indicate the presence of cardiorenal protective mechanisms in the Middle Eastern population. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the association between renal function and Pro-Enkephalin (PENK), a biomarker predictive of both acute and chronic kidney dysfunction, differs across ethnicities. The MEDIM population-based study including a cohort of women and men, born in Iraq or Sweden, aged 30-75 years was conducted in Malmö, Sweden, from 2010 to 2012. The study included fasting blood samples, physical examinations and self-administrated questionnaires. Despite significantly better renal function assessed by creatinine-based eGFR in the Iraqi group, levels of PENK did not differ between the groups, (70.0 pmol/L, born in Iraq (
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