ArticleAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2022
Modeling food fortification contributions to micronutrient requirements in Malawi using Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys.
Article in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The role of policy on fortification in food processing and value addition in Malawi and Mozambique-a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Fish and Fish-Based Products for Nutrition and Health in the First 1000 Days: A Systematic Review of the Evidence from Low and Middle-Income Countries.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Diversified food fortification portfolios can enhance coverage of micronutrient-vulnerable populations in West Africa.Nature food · 2026Article
- From Evidence to Action: Addressing Micronutrient Gaps among Women of Reproductive Age in Malawi Using the Comprehensive Nutrient Gap Assessment Framework.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Spatial Distribution of Inadequate Apparent Intake of Protein, Lysine, and Tryptophan among Malawi's Households with Children Aged <5 y: Evidence from the 2019-2020 Integrated Household Survey.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Agronomic Biofortification Strategies to Increase Grain Zinc Concentrations of Wheat, Rice and Maize: A Systematic Review and Network-Meta-Analysis.Campbell systematic reviews · 2026Review
- The risk of dietary multiple micronutrient inadequacies is widespread and geographically varied in Malawi.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Predicting risk of inadequate micronutrient intake with transferable machine learning models.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Impacts of large-scale food fortification on the cost of nutrient-adequate diets: a modelling study in 89 countries.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence of protein, lysine, and tryptophan inadequacy and their relation to stunting among Malawian under five children: evidence from the 2019/20 Integrated Household Survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Potential Contributions of Edible Oil and Wheat Flour Fortification on Reducing Inadequate Micronutrient Intake in Ethiopia.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Informing the Design of Large-Scale Food Fortification Programs with Secondary Data: Pilot Results from Nigeria and Zambia.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- The cost-efficiency of vitamin A supplementation services in Kenya: An assessment of a Malezi Bora event in Kenya.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Article
- Estimating food consumption, micronutrient intake and the contribution of large-scale food fortification to micronutrient adequacy in Tanzania.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- The Potential for Bouillon Fortification to Reduce Dietary Micronutrient Inadequacy: Modeling Analyses Using National Survey Data from Cameroon, Ghana, and Haiti.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- Folate and vitamin BBirth defects research · 2024Article
- Aligning the Epidemiology of Malnutrition with Food Fortification: Grasp Versus Reach.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Article
- A generic theory of change-based framework with core indicators for monitoring the effectiveness of large-scale food fortification programs in low- and middle-income countries.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Large-scale food fortification may be a cost-effective intervention to increase micronutrient supplies in the food system when implemented under appropriate conditions, yet it is unclear if current strategies can equitably benefit populations with the greatest micronutrient needs. This study developed a mathematical modeling framework for comparing fortification scenarios across different contexts. It was applied to model the potential contributions of three fortification vehicles (oil, sugar, and wheat flour) toward meeting dietary micronutrient requirements in Malawi through secondary data analyses of a Household Consumption and Expenditure Survey. We estimated fortification vehicle coverage, micronutrient density of the diet, and apparent intake of nonpregnant, nonlactating women for nine different micronutrients, under three food fortification scenarios and stratified by subpopulations across seasons. Oil and sugar had high coverage and apparent consumption that, when combined, were predicted to improve the vitamin A adequacy of the diet. Wheat flour contributed little to estimated dietary micronutrient supplies due to low apparent consumption. Potential contributions of all fortification vehicles were low in rural populations of the lowest socioeconomic position. While the model predicted large-scale food fortification would contribute to reducing vitamin A inadequacies, other interventions are necessary to meet other micronutrient requirements, especially for the rural poor.
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