ReviewReproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)2022
Somatic-Immune Cells Crosstalk In-The-Making of Testicular Immune Privilege.
Review in Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Leukocytospermia in the Management of Male Infertility: Decoding a Mystery for the Busy Clinicians.The world journal of men's health · 2025Review
- The Impact of Physical Exercise on Male Fertility Through Its Association with Various Processes and Aspects of Human Biology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring the role and mechanisms of MAGEA4 in tumorigenesis, regulation, and immunotherapy.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Immunometabolism and male reproductive function: linking inflammation, oxidative stress, and declining fertility.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Male accessory gland infection (MAGI): Over-diagnosed or under treated in infertile men?Arab journal of urology · 2025Review
- Testicular immunity.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2024Review
- Type 1 diabetes impairs the activity of rat testicular somatic and germ cells through NRF2/NLRP3 pathway-mediated oxidative stress.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Atopic Dermatitis: Fertility, Pregnancy, and Treatment Perspectives.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 and male infertility: from short- to long-term impacts.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Review
- COVID-19, Oxidative Stress and Male Reproduction: Possible Role of Antioxidants.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunological infertility contributes significantly to the etiology of idiopathic male infertility. Shielding the spermatogenic cells from systemic immune responses is fundamental to secure normal production of spermatozoa. The body's immune system is tuned with the host self-components since the early postnatal period, while sperm first develops during puberty, thus rendering spermatogenic proteins as 'non-self' or 'antigenic.' Development of antibodies to these antigens elicits autoimmune responses affecting sperm motility, functions, and fertility. Therefore, the testes need to establish a specialized immune-privileged microenvironment to protect the allogenic germ cells by orchestration of various testicular cells and resident immune cells. This is achieved through sequestration of antigenic germ cells by blood-testis barrier and actions of various endocrine, paracrine, immune-suppressive, and immunomodulatory mechanisms. The various mechanisms are very complex and need conceptual integration to disclose the exact physiological scenario, and to facilitate detection and management of immunogenic infertility caused by disruption of testicular immune regulation. The present review aims to (a) discuss the components of testicular immune privilege; (b) explain testicular somatic and immune cell interactions in establishing and maintaining the testicular immune micro-environment; and (c) illustrate the integration of multiple mechanisms involved in the control of immune privilege of the testis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.