ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2022
Enhancing immunotherapy in cancer by targeting emerging immunomodulatory pathways.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 497 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
497 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 844 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety of immune checkpoint modulators beyond PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in solid tumors: a meta-analysis.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Pooled it
- TIGIT Expression and Its Implications in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Progression and Therapy: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Cardiotoxicity in cancer immunotherapy: a systematic review and global meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced cancer: clinical association of irAEs type, inflammatory markers and efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Trends and hotspots in research related to tumor immune escape: bibliometric analysis and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-LAG-3 antibody LBL-007 plus anti-PD-1 antibody toripalimab in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other solid tumors: an open-label, multicenter, phase Ib/II trial.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Trial
- Microbiota-derived self-adjuvanting exopolysaccharide-based codelivery system for potent cancer immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Targeting myeloid cell plasticity and metabolic reprogramming to alleviate T cell dysfunction and exhaustion-associated states and enhance immune checkpoint blockade therapy.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- PET imaging enables direct evaluation of ferroptosis in HCC synergistically induced by anti-PD-L1 and Olaparib.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- CD112 Lactylation Drives Dual Immune Evasion From CD8+ T Cells and NK Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: Mechanism and pharmacological strategies.Pharmacological research · 2026Review
- αTIGIT-guided IL-15 mimetics drive potent and safe antitumor immunity by restoring tumor-infiltrating T cells.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Lnc-TIM3 promotes acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression through miR-5094-mediated regulation of TIM3.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Targeting tumor-associated macrophages using mRNA lipid nanoparticles for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated cancer immunotherapy.Science advances · 2026Article
- Challenges and opportunities in combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy for localized pancreatic cancer.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- HBsAg-tagged tumour vaccine system eliminates solid tumours through virus-specific memory T cells.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Fc-optimized GITR antibody enhances a CD4 T cell-dendritic cell crosstalk to promote antitumor immunity.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Pyroptosis-Amplified Decoy Nanovesicles Orchestrate Pyroptotic Antigen Explosion and Endogenous Immune Revitalization for Potentiating Tumour Immunotherapy.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Review
- Design, synthesis and activity evaluation of tetrahydroisoquinoline-based programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors.Smart molecules : open access · 2026Article
437 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The discovery and clinical implementation of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting CTLA4, PD-1 and PD-L1 has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, as recognized by the 2018 Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology. This groundbreaking new approach has improved the outcomes of patients with various forms of advanced-stage cancer; however, the majority of patients receiving these therapies, even in combination, do not derive clinical benefit. Further development of agents targeting additional immune checkpoints, co-stimulatory receptors and/or co-inhibitory receptors that control T cell function is therefore critical. In this Review, we discuss the translational potential and clinical development of agents targeting both co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory T cell receptors. Specifically, we describe their mechanisms of action, and provide an overview of ongoing clinical trials involving novel ICIs including those targeting LAG3, TIM3, TIGIT and BTLA as well as agonists of the co-stimulatory receptors GITR, OX40, 41BB and ICOS. We also discuss several additional approaches, such as harnessing T cell metabolism, in particular via adenosine signalling, inhibition of IDO1, and targeting changes in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. We conclude that further efforts are needed to optimize the timing of combination ICI approaches and, most importantly, to individualize immunotherapy based on both patient-specific and tumour-specific characteristics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.