ReviewNature human behaviour2021
Why lockdown and distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to increase the social class achievement gap.
Review in Nature human behaviour, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exploring the relationship between social media dependence and internet addiction among college students from a bibliometric perspective.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Italian primary school children's learning: A systematic review through a psycho-social lens.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence on learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.Nature human behaviour · 2023Pooled it
- Association between Internet addiction and mental health problems among Chinese adolescents in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era: a propensity score matching study.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Educational disparities in STEM during COVID-induced distance learning and a potential strategy to address them.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Developmental Losses of Preschool Children Three Years into the COVID-19 Pandemic.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- An exploratory study on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' psychosocial well-being in the Kwadukuza community.The Pan African medical journal · 2026Article
- Digitalization of Access to Primary Care: Is There an Equity-Efficiency Trade-Off?Health economics · 2025Article
- Ethical considerations in infectious disease modelling for public health policy: the case of school closures.Interface focus · 2025Article
- School Refusal Behavior in Japan: The Impact of COVID-19 on Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Assessment of Romanian School-Aged Children's Lifestyle and Associated Factors: A Longitudinal Study Performed Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Using social psychology to create inclusive education.The British journal of social psychology · 2025Article
- Analysis of Factors Influencing the Willingness of Chinese Older Adults to Use mHealth Devices: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in psychosocial well-being among adolescents under the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-regional comparative analysis in Hong Kong, mainland China, and the Netherlands.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Inequality in pandemic effects on school track placement and the role of social and academic embeddedness.NPJ science of learning · 2024Article
- The Relationship between Family Factors and Academic Achievement of Junior High School Students in Rural China: Mediation Effect of Parental Involvement.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The ethicality of the COVID-19 response in children and adolescents.Irish journal of medical science · 2024Article
- Article
- Enhancing e-learning through AI: advanced techniques for optimizing student performance.PeerJ. Computer science · 2024Article
- Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced teachers and parents to quickly adapt to a new educational context: distance learning. Teachers developed online academic material while parents taught the exercises and lessons provided by teachers to their children at home. Considering that the use of digital tools in education has dramatically increased during this crisis, and it is set to continue, there is a pressing need to understand the impact of distance learning. Taking a multidisciplinary view, we argue that by making the learning process rely more than ever on families, rather than on teachers, and by getting students to work predominantly via digital resources, school closures exacerbate social class academic disparities. To address this burning issue, we propose an agenda for future research and outline recommendations to help parents, teachers and policymakers to limit the impact of the lockdown on social-class-based academic inequality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
34580440What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.