SynthesisMolecular psychiatry2022
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of stigma in infectious diseases, including COVID-19: a call to action.
Synthesis in Molecular psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Internalised stigma among people with mental illness in Africa, pooled effect estimates and subgroup analysis on each domain: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- From Mechanisms to Manifestations: A Scoping Review Exploring Cancer-Related Discrimination.Psycho-oncology · 2026Article
- The association between Post-COVID syndrome and self-stigma among the adult Israeli population during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2026Observational
- "It becomes more difficult when people don't empathize with us": COVID-19-related stigmatization experienced by survivors in Nepal.PloS one · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with stigma among adults diagnosed with severe vision impairment in rural Mozambique.International health · 2025Article
- Disability-related stigma and discrimination and their correlates: insights from a cross-sectional study in western Kenya.International health · 2025Article
- Social Stigma Associated with COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers: A Concept Analysis.Journal of caring sciences · 2025Review
- Experiencing stigmatization during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study among healthcare workers.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Predicting factors associated with anxiety by patients undergoing treatment for infectious diseases using a random-forest machine learning approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Systematic Review of Tuberculosis Stigma Reduction Interventions.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mpox stigma in the UK and implications for future outbreak control: a cross-sectional mixed methods study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Stigma among primary care providers: characterizing attitudes and behaviors in the care of people with chronic hepatitis in the Philippines.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Ethnic Identity Protects and Internalized Racism Harms Health and Coping in Asian Americans Following COVID-19 Discrimination: A Mixed-Methods Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Evaluation of in-vitro antiviral potential ofVirusdisease · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis and HIV health services delivery in Ghana: qualitative evidence from the perspectives of healthcare providers.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Comparative study of stigma and discrimination among vaccinated and non-vaccinated COVID-19 survivors in Bangladesh.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Anti-stigma campaign: the COVID-19 stigma and associated factors among Chinese young students.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Exploring the psychological impact of long COVID: symptoms, mechanisms, and treatments.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Community-based psychosocial support interventions to reduce stigma and improve mental health of people with infectious diseases: a scoping review.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2024Article
- Psychosocial health stigma related to COVID-19 disease among COVID-19 patients in Jordan: a comparative study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Infectious diseases, including COVID-19, are crucial public health issues and may lead to considerable fear among the general public and stigmatization of, and discrimination against, specific populations. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of stigma in infectious disease epidemics. We systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases since inception to June 08, 2021, and reported the prevalence of stigma towards people with infectious diseases including SARS, H1N1, MERS, Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19. A total of 50 eligible articles were included that contributed 51 estimates of prevalence in 92722 participants. The overall pooled prevalence of stigma across all populations was 34% [95% CI: 28-40%], including enacted stigma (36% [95% CI: 28-44%]) and perceived stigma (31% [95% CI: 22-40%]). The prevalence of stigma in patients, community population, and health care workers, was 38% [95% CI: 12- 65%], 36% [95% CI: 28-45%], and 30% [95% CI: 20-40%], respectively. The prevalence of stigma in participants from low- and middle-income countries was 37% [95% CI: 29-45%], which is higher than that from high-income countries (27% [95% CI: 18-36%]) though this difference was not statistically significant. A similar trend of prevalence of stigma was also observed in individuals with lower education (47% [95% CI: 23-71%]) compared to higher education level (33% [95% CI: 23-4%]). These findings indicate that stigma is a significant public health concern, and effective and comprehensive interventions are needed to counteract the damaging effects of the infodemics during infectious disease epidemics, including COVID-19, and reduce infectious disease-related stigma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.