ArticleScientific reports2021
Effect of CYP3A4 metabolism on sex differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Spaceflight-guided pharmacogenomics: a foundational analysis of pharmaceuticals and their responsive gene targets in the space environment.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of a Single Oral Dose of Dexamphetamine or Zolpidem on Attention and Reaction Time in Healthy Men.Fundamental & clinical pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Effect of Low-Dose Vonoprazan on Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Activity By 13C-Aminopyrine Breath Test in Healthy Subjects.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Sex differences in cardiovascular‑kidney‑metabolic syndrome: From pathogenesis to treatment response (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Risk Factors for Severity of Adverse Events Associated with Xuebijing Injection: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Zolpidem in Healthy Volunteers: Covariate Contributions to Variability in CNS Responses.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- The Real-World Safety Profile of Temazepam: A 20-Year Pharmacovigilance Analysis Based on the Large-Scale FAERS Database.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Sex as a biological variable and pre-specified sub-subgroup analyses: what would Sir James Black and Sir Richard Peto say?European heart journal · 2026Article
- Redesigning medicine: integrating sex and gender for better health outcomes.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Statins and reporting signals for amnesia: a pharmacovigilance analysis based on adverse event reporting database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The importance of sex dimorphism in liver metabolism and progressive liver diseases.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Sex differences in hepatic enzymes and transporters involved in pharmacokinetics.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Peripheral organ crosstalk in the regulation of ovarian endocrine function and reproductive homeostasis.Life medicine · 2025Review
- Gender Medicine and Pharmacology.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of gliclazide for different genotypes of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19.Archives of pharmacal research · 2025Article
- Article
- Clozapine Drug-Drug Interactions and Individualized Dosing in Bipolar Disorder: A Model-Informed Precision Dosing Approach.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- From glucose to histone modification: sex-specific metabolic responses to ketogenic therapy in VM/Dk mice.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- PBBM Considerations for Base Models, Model Validation, and Application Steps: Workshop Summary Report.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
To investigate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences of zolpidem between males and females and their causes, including CYP3A4 activity. A single oral dose of zolpidem (10 mg) was administered to 15 male and 15 female healthy subjects. Blood samples were collected up to 12 h post-dose to determine plasma zolpidem concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained using non-compartmental analysis. Digit symbol substitution test, choice reaction time, and visual analog scale of sleepiness were used to evaluate pharmacodynamics. We measured CYP3A4 activity using 4β-hydroxycholesterol, an endogenous metabolite. Mean maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve were higher for females than for males (9.9% and 32.5%, respectively); other pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant differences. Pharmacodynamic scores for females showed delayed recovery compared with that for males. CYP3A4 activity was higher in females than in males (p = 0.030). There was no serious adverse event, and adverse event incidence was not different between the sexes. Zolpidem exposure was about 30% higher in females than in males. Delayed pharmacodynamic score recovery in females could be related to higher zolpidem concentrations. Although apparent clearance was lower in females, systemic clearance might not be the cause of the different exposures to zolpidem.
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