Observational studyScientific reports2021
Longitudinal assessment between lifestyle-related risk factors and a composite cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk index among adolescents in Malaysia.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unravelling the Therapeutic Potential of Cysteine for Cardiovascular Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Markers of Vascular Function and Future Coronary Artery Disease Risk Among Malaysians with Individual Cardiovascular Risk Factors.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Longitudinal clustering of Life's Essential 8 health metrics: application of a novel unsupervised learning method in the CARDIA study.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular risk profiles clusters among children and adolescents with disabilities.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Hypercholesterolemia in the Malaysian Cohort Participants: Genetic and Non-Genetic Risk Factors.Genes · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The study aims to create a composite risk index of CVD among adolescents and examine the influence of demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle-related risk factors on the composite risk index of biological CVD risk factors among adolescents in Malaysia. A Malaysian adolescent cohort of 1320 adolescents were assessed at 13, 15 and 17 years. Seven biological CVD risk factors with moderate correlation were identified, standardized and averaged to form a composite CVD risk index. Generalised estimating equation using longitudinal linear regression was used to examine the effects of changes in adolescent lifestyle-related risk factors on the composite CVD risk index over time. From the ages 13 to 17 years, physical fitness (β = - 0.001, 90% CI = - 0.003, 0.00002) and BMI (β = 0.051, 95% CI = 0.042, 0.060) were significant predictors of attaining high scores of CVD risk. Female (β = 0.118, 95% CI = 0.040, 0.197), Chinese (β = 0.122, 95% CI = 0.006, 0.239), Indians (β = - 0.114, 95% CI = - 0.216, - 0.012) and adolescents from rural schools (β = 0.066, 95% CI = - 0.005, 0.136) were also found to be considerably significant. A more robust and gender-specific intervention programme focusing on healthy lifestyle (including achieving ideal BMI and improving physical fitness) need to be implemented among school-going adolescents.
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