Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34580222›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Urbanization extends flight phenology and leads to local adaptation of seasonal plasticity in Lepidoptera.

Thomas Merckx, Matthew E Nielsen, Janne Heliölä, Mikko Kuussaari, Lars B Pettersson, Juha Pöyry, Juha Tiainen, Karl Gotthard, Sami M Kivelä

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
10.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. 30 years of climate related phenological research: themes and trends.International journal of biometeorology · 2025
    Pooled it
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  8. Winters restrict a climate change-driven butterfly range expansion despite rapid evolution of seasonal timing traits.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  13. A quantitative model of temperature-dependent diapause progression.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Thomas MerckxEcology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; th.merckx@gmail.com matthew.nielsen@zoologi.su.se.ORCID 0000-0002-6195-3302
Matthew E NielsenDepartment of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; th.merckx@gmail.com matthew.nielsen@zoologi.su.se.ORCID 0000-0002-0388-1187
Janne HeliöläBiodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-1218-4655
Mikko KuussaariBiodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-0264-9316
Lars B PetterssonBiodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-5745-508X
Juha PöyryBiodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-5548-1046
Juha TiainenNatural Resources Institute Finland, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-5855-2594
Karl GotthardDepartment of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-4560-6271
Sami M KiveläEcology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-6844-9168
Finnish Environment Institute · FIStockholm University · SELund University · SEUniversity of Helsinki · FIUniversity of Oulu · FIVrije Universiteit Brussel · BE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Urbanization is gaining force globally, which challenges biodiversity, and it has recently also emerged as an agent of evolutionary change. Seasonal phenology and life cycle regulation are essential processes that urbanization is likely to alter through both the urban heat island effect (UHI) and artificial light at night (ALAN). However, how UHI and ALAN affect the evolution of seasonal adaptations has received little attention. Here, we test for the urban evolution of seasonal life-history plasticity, specifically changes in the photoperiodic induction of diapause in two lepidopterans,

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalAnimalsButterfliesCitiesClimate ChangeFemaleFinlandHot TemperatureMalePhotoperiodSeasonsSwedenUrbanizationartificial light at nightdiapausereaction normurban evolutionurban heat island effect

Identifiers

PMID34580222
PMCPMC8501875
OpenAlexW3202005620

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.