Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34580158›Full record

ArticleeNeuro

Characterization of the Brain Functional Architecture of Psychostimulant Withdrawal Using Single-Cell Whole-Brain Imaging.

Adam Kimbrough, Marsida Kallupi, Lauren C Smith, Sierra Simpson, Andres Collazo, Olivier George

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in eNeuro. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. GABAergic neurons in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray mediate fentanyl withdrawal and self-administration in mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
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  11. Neural Network Connectivity Following Opioid Dependence is Altered by a Common Genetic Variant in the µ-Opioid Receptor,The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024
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  12. Article
  13. UNRAVELing the synergistic effects of psilocybin and environment on brain-wide immediate early gene expression in mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Adam KimbroughSchool of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.ORCID 0000-0001-9434-4987
Marsida KallupiSchool of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Lauren C SmithSchool of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Sierra SimpsonSchool of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Andres CollazoBeckman Institute, Cal-Tech, Pasadena, CA 91125.
Olivier GeorgeSchool of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 olgeorge@ucsd.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-3700-5003
Scripps Research Institute · USCalifornia Institute of Technology · US

Funding

Neurpsychopharmacology-Multidisciplinary TrainingT32AA007456 · NIAAA · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI MARISA ROBERTO · 1985 to 2026
$13.4M
Identification of Genetic Variants that Contribute to Compulsive Cocaine Intakein RatsU01DA043799 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Olivier George, Abraham A Palmer · 2017 to 2026
$7.9M
Use of Next-Gen Sequencing to Identify Genetic Variants that Influence compulsiveOxycodone Intake in Outbred RatsU01DA044451 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Olivier George, Abraham A Palmer · 2018 to 2026
$7.3M
SYSTEMIC NEUROPHARMACOLOGYP50AA006420 · NIAAA · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI SANNA, PIETRO P · 1985 to 2002
$5.1M
Alcohol Vapor Self-Administration in RatsR01AA022977 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Olivier George · 2014 to 2026
$5.1M
The Role of Brain Stress Systems in the Prefrontal Cortex in Compulsive DrinkingR01AA020608 · NIAAA · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI GEORGE, OLIVIER · 2011 to 2015
$1.8M
Network wide analysis of brain activity involved in alcohol withdrawalR00AA027301 · NIAAA · PURDUE UNIVERSITY · PI KIMBROUGH, ADAM J · 2020 to 2022
$747k
Network wide analysis of brain activity involved in alcohol withdrawalK99AA027301 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KIMBROUGH, ADAM J · 2018 to 2019
$286k
Advancing the therapeutic potential of a nicotine-degrading enzymeF31DA047113 · NIDA · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI SMITH, LAUREN CASSANDRA · 2018 to 2019
$64k
NIAAA NIH HHS K99 AA027301NIAAA NIH HHS P50 AA006420NIAAA NIH HHS R00 AA027301NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA020608NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA022977NIAAA NIH HHS T32 AA007456NIDA NIH HHS F31 DA047113NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA043799NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA044451
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Numerous brain regions have been identified as contributing to withdrawal behaviors, but it is unclear the way in which these brain regions as a whole lead to withdrawal. The search for a final common brain pathway that is involved in withdrawal remains elusive. To address this question, we implanted osmotic minipumps containing either saline, nicotine (24 mg/kg/d), cocaine (60 mg/kg/d), or methamphetamine (4 mg/kg/d) for one week in male C57BL/6J mice. After one week, the minipumps were removed and brains collected 8 h (saline, nicotine, and cocaine) or 12 h (methamphetamine) after removal. We then performed single-cell whole-brain imaging of neural activity during the withdrawal period when brains were collected. We used hierarchical clustering and graph theory to identify similarities and differences in brain functional architecture. Although methamphetamine and cocaine shared some network similarities, the main common neuroadaptation between these psychostimulant drugs was a dramatic decrease in modularity, with a shift from a cortical-driven to subcortical-driven network, including a decrease in total hub brain regions. These results demonstrate that psychostimulant withdrawal produces the drug-dependent remodeling of functional architecture of the brain and suggest that the decreased modularity of brain functional networks and not a specific set of brain regions may represent the final common pathway associated with withdrawal.

Indexed as

CocaineSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeAnimalsBrainMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNeuroimagingCocaineaddictionfunctional connectivitygraph theoryiDISCOneural activitywithdrawal

Identifiers

PMID34580158
PMCPMC8570684
OpenAlexW2969940812

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.