Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34579748›Full record

ArticleJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2021

The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on a biomarker of head trauma in NCAA football athletes: a multi-site, non-randomized study.

Jeffery L Heileson, Anthony J Anzalone, Aaron F Carbuhn, Andrew T Askow, Jason D Stone, Stephanie M Turner, Lyn M Hillyer, David W L Ma, Joel A Luedke, Andrew R Jagim and 1 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05589064 (Evaluation of the Impact of a Dietary and Nutritional Intervention on the Physical, Cognitive, Behavioural and Emotional Symptoms of Patients With Persistent Post-concussive Symptoms), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05589064 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of the Impact of a Dietary and Nutritional Intervention on the Physical, Cognitive, Behavioural and Emotional Symptoms of Patients With Persistent Post-concussive Symptoms

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversite de MonctonRan2022 to 2025Enrolled120ConditionsBrain Injury Traumatic MildArmsExperimental: Dietetic counseling, Active Comparator: Omega-3, vitamin D3 and creatine monohydrate, Other : Physiotherapy treatment
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.

Jeffery L Heileson *Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
Anthony J Anzalone *Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. aanzalon@wakehealth.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-9612
Aaron F CarbuhnUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Andrew T AskowNutrition and Exercise Performance Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
Jason D StoneRockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Stephanie M TurnerDepartment of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Lyn M HillyerDepartment of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
David W L MaDepartment of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
Joel A LuedkeAthletics Department, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA.
Andrew R JagimSports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health Systems, Onalaska, WI, USA.
Jonathan M OliverDepartment of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Texas Christian University · USUniversity of Guelph · CABaylor University · USMayo Clinic Health System · USUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · USUniversity of Kansas Medical Center · USUniversity of Wisconsin–La Crosse · USWake Forest University · USWest Virginia University · US

Funding

struct nutrition struct nutrition
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAmerican-style football (ASF) athletes are at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and exhibit elevated levels of serum neurofilament light (Nf-L), a biomarker of axonal injury that is associated with repetitive head impact exposure over the course of a season of competition. Supplementation with the w-3 fatty acid (FA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) attenuates serum Nf-L elevations and improves aspects of CVD, such as the omega-3 index (O3I). However, the effect of combining the w-3 FA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) with DHA on, specifically, serum Nf-L in ASF athletes is unknown. Therefore, this study assessed the effect of supplemental w-3 FA (EPA+DPA+DHA) on serum Nf-L, plasma w-3 FAs, the O3I, and surrogate markers of inflammation over the course of a season.

methodsA multi-site, non-randomized design, utilizing two American football teams was employed. One team (n = 3 1) received supplementation with a highly bioavailablew-3 FA formulation (2000mg DHA, 560mg EPA, 320mg DPA, Mindset®, Struct Nutrition, Missoula, MT) during pre-season and throughout the regular season, while the second team served as the control (n = 35) and did not undergo supplementation. Blood was sampled at specific times throughout pre- and regular season coincident w ith changes in intensity, physical contact, and changes in the incidence and severity of head impacts. Group differences were determined via a mixed-model between-within subjects ANOVA. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's dfor all between-group differences. Significance was set a priori at p< .05.

resultsCompared to the control group, ASF athletes in the treatment group experienced large increases in plasma EPA (p < .001, d = 1.71) and DHA (p < .001, d = 2.10) which contributed to increases in the O3I (p < .001, d = 2.16) and the EPA:AA ratio (p = .001, d = 0.83) and a reduction in the w-6: w-3 ratio (p < .001, d = 1.80). w-3 FA supplementation attenuated elevations in Nf-L (p = .024). The control group experienced a significant increase in Nf-L compared to baseline at several measurement time points (T2, T3, and T4 [p range < .001 - .005, drange = 0.59-0.85]).

conclusionsThese findings suggest a cardio- and neuroprotective effect of combined EPA+DPA+DHA w-3 FA supplementation in American-style football athletes.

trial registrationThis trial was registered with the ISRCTN registry ( ISRCTN90306741 ).

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsAthletesAthletic InjuriesBiomarkersCraniocerebral TraumaDocosahexaenoic AcidsEicosapentaenoic AcidFatty Acids, Omega-3Fatty Acids, UnsaturatedFootballHumansMaleBiomarkersDocosahexaenoic Acidsdocosapentaenoic acidEicosapentaenoic AcidFatty Acids, Omega-3Fatty Acids, UnsaturatedAmerican FootballBrainConcussionDocosahexaenoic AcidEicosapentaenoic AcidNeurofilament Light

Identifiers

PMID34579748
PMCPMC8477477
OpenAlexW3202770536

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.