ArticleThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2021
Studying dietary intake in daily life through multilevel two-part modelling: a novel analytical approach and its practical application.
Article in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Self-control strategies to reduce meat consumption: An ecological momentary intervention.Applied psychology. Health and well-being · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of a smartphone-delivered Approach-Avoidance intervention in dietary behavior - a randomized controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of a long day care intervention targeting the mealtime environment and curriculum to increase children's vegetable intake: a cluster randomised controlled trial using the multiphase optimisation strategy framework.Public health nutrition · 2024Trial
- Associations between pain reactivity to worse sleep and health outcomes.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Predicting diet quality and food consumption at eating occasions using contextual factors: an application of machine learning models.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- Stressed! Grab a bite? Stress eating in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Ecological Momentary Assessment study.Neuroscience applied · 2025Article
- Ultraprocessed Food Intake during the Transition to Adulthood Varies According to Sociodemographic Characteristics and Maternal Intake in Cebu, Philippines.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Calibration of citrus intake assessed by food frequency questionnaires using urinary proline betaine in an observational study setting.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Observational
- Microtemporal Dynamics of Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Impulsivity in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study Within Nutritional Psychiatry.JMIR mental health · 2023Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding which factors influence dietary intake, particularly in daily life, is crucial given the impact diet has on physical as well as mental health. However, a factor might influence whether but not how much an individual eats and vice versa or a factor's importance may differ across these two facets. Distinguishing between these two facets, hence, studying dietary intake as a dual process is conceptually promising and not only allows further insights, but also solves a statistical issue. When assessing the association between a predictor (e.g. momentary affect) and subsequent dietary intake in daily life through ecological momentary assessment (EMA), the outcome variable (e.g. energy intake within a predefined time-interval) is semicontinuous. That is, one part is equal to zero (i.e. no dietary intake occurred) and the other contains right-skewed positive values (i.e. dietary intake occurred, but often only small amounts are consumed). However, linear multilevel modelling which is commonly used for EMA data to account for repeated measures within individuals cannot be applied to semicontinuous outcomes. A highly informative statistical approach for semicontinuous outcomes is multilevel two-part modelling which treats the outcome as generated by a dual process, combining a multilevel logistic/probit regression for zeros and a multilevel (generalized) linear regression for nonzero values.
methodsA multilevel two-part model combining a multilevel logistic regression to predict whether an individual eats and a multilevel gamma regression to predict how much is eaten, if an individual eats, is proposed. Its general implementation in R, a widely used and freely available statistical software, using the R-package brms is described. To illustrate its practical application, the analytical approach is applied exemplary to data from the Eat2beNICE-APPetite-study.
resultsResults highlight that the proposed multilevel two-part model reveals process-specific associations which cannot be detected through traditional multilevel modelling.
conclusionsThis paper is the first to introduce multilevel two-part modelling as a novel analytical approach to study dietary intake in daily life. Studying dietary intake through multilevel two-part modelling is conceptually as well as methodologically promising. Findings can be translated to tailored nutritional interventions targeting either the occurrence or the amount of dietary intake.
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