Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34579662›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2021

Animal bites and post-exposure prophylaxis in Central-West Tunisia: a 15-year surveillance data.

Cyrine Bennasrallah, Manel Ben Fredj, Moncef Mhamdi, Meriem Kacem, Wafa Dhouib, Imen Zemni, Hela Abroug, Asma Belguith Sriha

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Cyrine Bennasrallah *Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia. cyrine.bennasrallah@gmail.com.
Manel Ben Fredj *Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
Moncef Mhamdi *Regional Directorate of Primary Health Care of Kasserine, Kasserine, Tunisia.
Meriem Kacem *Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
Wafa Dhouib *Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
Imen Zemni *Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
Hela Abroug *Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
Asma Belguith Sriha *Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRabies is a disease that still exists in developing countries and leads to more fatalities than other zoonotic diseases. Our study aimed to describe the profile of human exposures to animals over fifteen years and to assess the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) practices in the governorate of Kasserine (Tunisia) on pre- and post-revolution (2011).

methodsWe carried out a descriptive study using surveillance data from a region in Central-West Tunisia. All humans exposed to animals, residents in Kasserine Governorate and declared to the regional directorate of primary health care (RDPH) from January 1st, 2004 to December 31st, 2018 were included.

resultsA total of 45,564 cases of human exposures to animals were reported over the fifteen-year period of the study with an annual average of 3089.2 ± 403.1. The standardized incidence rate (SIR) of human exposures to animals was 694 per year per 100,000 inhabitants (inh). The most listed offending animal was the dog (91.3%) and the most reported type of exposure was bites (63.7%). The trend in human exposures to animals increased significantly over time. The number of exposures by vaccinated dogs decreased significantly and by unvaccinated and stray dogs increased steeply. When comparing pre-and post-revolution periods, the yearly average of animal exposures post-2011 was significantly greater than the average prior to 2011 (3200 ± 278.5 vs 2952.8 ± 483) (p < 0.001). The yearly average of animal bites post-2011 was significantly greater than the average prior to 2011 (2260.5 ± 372.1 vs 1609.8 ± 217.9) (p < 0.001). The average number of vaccine doses per animal exposure was 2.4. Concerning PEP protocols, protocol A (2 and 3 doses) was indicated in 79% of animal exposures cases. From 2004 to 2018, a downward trend was noted for protocol A (r = - 0.29, p < 0.001) and an upward trend for protocol B (3 and 5 doses) (r = 0.687, p < 0.001). During our study period, 5 fatal cases of human rabies were declared.

conclusionRabies remains a major public health problem in Tunisia. The political dynamics had an impact on the health care system and rabies control. Preventive measures should be applied adequately to decrease the burden of this disease.

Indexed as

Bites and StingsRabiesRabies VaccinesAnimalsDogsPost-Exposure ProphylaxisTunisiaRabies VaccinesAnimal bitePost-exposure prophylaxisRabiesTunisia

Identifiers

PMID34579662
PMCPMC8477457

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.