ReviewVaccines2021
Challenges of Storage and Stability of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines.
Review in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 196 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
196 citing papers in PubMed.
- Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain and N-Terminal Domain mRNA Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- An Omicron-specific, self-amplifying mRNA booster vaccine for COVID-19: a phase 2/3 randomized trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Interim analysis of a phase 1 randomized clinical trial on the safety and immunogenicity of the mRNA-1283 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Trial
- Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines: Progress, evidence gaps, and translational pathways for durable and scalable immunization.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Glutathione-Responsive Acyl-Modifications for Targeted RNA Decaging and Prolonged Protein Synthesis.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Preparation of targeted lipid nanoparticles for precision nucleic acid delivery.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Review
- Nanoengineering Systems for Gene Therapy: Mechanisms, Modalities, and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Formulation of Peptide-Based Nanoparticles Using a Microfluidic Device.Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society · 2026Article
- Preformulated, Shelf-Stable, Dendritic Cell-Targeting Nanogel mRNA Vaccine Delivery Platform.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2026Article
- Transdermal Delivery of an mRNA-Liposome Vaccine via Dissolving Microneedle to Preserve Vaccine Activity and Enhance Immune Activation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Ensuring vaccine cold chain integrity: A rapid and low-cost test for identifying heat-exposed sucrose-containing vaccines.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Stabilization strategies and advancements in lyophilization to preserve integrity and efficacy of next-generation biologicals.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Circular RNA vaccines encoding fusion proteins of Mpox Virus A35R-M1R and B6R-A29L induce robust and durable protective immunity in mice.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Cytoplasmic abundant heat-soluble proteins from tardigrades protect synthetic cells under stress.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Innovative γ-Oryzanol and KC2 Based Lipid Nanoparticles: OryKL Platform Provides Safe and Efficient In Vivo mRNA Delivery.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Emerging Non-Conventional Approaches in mRNA-LNP Formulation for Therapeutic Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Review
- In vivo CAR-T therapy: from molecular design to precision delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Spatially Organized DNA-Templated Silver Nanoclusters as Potent Antimicrobial Agents for ESKAPE Infections.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
136 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In December 2019, a new and highly pathogenic coronavirus emerged-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), quickly spread throughout the world. In response to this global pandemic, a few vaccines were allowed for emergency use, beginning in November 2020, of which the mRNA-based vaccines by Moderna (Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA) and BioNTech (BioTech, Mainz, Germany)/Pfizer (Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) have been identified as the most effective ones. The mRNA platform allowed rapid development of vaccines, but their global use is limited by ultracold storage requirements. Most resource-poor countries do not have cold chain storage to execute mass vaccination. Therefore, determining strategies to increase stability of mRNA-based vaccines in relatively higher temperatures can be a game changer to address the current global pandemic and upcoming new waves. In this review, we summarized the current research strategies to enhance stability of the RNA vaccine delivery system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.