ReviewVaccines2021
An Overview of Influenza Viruses and Vaccines.
Review in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed.
- A group 1 hemagglutinin stem vaccine elicits broad humoral responses against influenza in phase 1/2a study.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Influenza vaccines promote humoral and cellular immune responses: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- A prospective, randomized, parallel, active controlled, phase III Indian study of immunogenicity and safety of two inactivated influenza vaccines - Vaxiflu-4 and Fluarix tetra in children aged 6 months to 35 months.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- Continuity of Vaccination Across the Life Course: Poland in Comparison with Selected EU/EEA Countries and the United Kingdom.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Active pH Modulation by Proton Channel-Peptide Nucleic Acid Complex for Effective siRNA Endosomal Escape.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections in Poultry: Integrating Traditional and AI-Based Control Strategies.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- An In Vitro Screen Identifies H1 Influenza Hemagglutinin Substitutions That Alter mRNA-LNP Vaccine Responses Against the Stalk Domain.Vaccines · 2026Article
- mRNA Vaccines for Influenza: Hope for a Universal Vaccine?BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Sialic acid-anchored haemagglutinin stalk neutralizing antibody M-SiaB enhances protection against highly pathogenic influenza H5N1/Texas/2024.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Electrochemical and optical biosensors as transformative tools for multiplex detection of influenza viruses.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Cross-reactive H5N1 Neuraminidase Antibodies by Age and Influenza A Imprinting Cohorts of the Past Century: Population-Based Serosurvey, British Columbia, Canada.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines in Italy in the 2024/2025 Season: A Nationwide, Test-Negative Design Study Based on Surveillance Records.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Review
- Post-Pandemic Resurgence and Seasonal Patterns of Influenza Viruses and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Arequipa, Peru (2021-2023).Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A large-scale single-cell transcriptomic atlas indicates the immune panorama of influenza A infection.iMeta · 2026Article
- Human Influenza Virus Infection: A Focus on Key Host Determinants Linked to Clinical Disease Severity.Viruses · 2026Review
- Trace Elements and Viral Infectious Diseases: Dual Roles in Pathogenesis and Immunity.Infectious disease reports · 2026Review
- Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccine in Wuhan, China During the 2024-2025 Season: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study.Vaccines · 2026Article
- The Decline in Influenza Antibody Titers and Modifiers of Vaccine Immunity from over Ten Years of Serological Data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- mRNA-based seasonal influenza vaccines: an overview of immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza remains one of the major public health concerns because it causes annual epidemics and can potentially instigate a global pandemic. Numerous countermeasures, including vaccines and antiviral treatments, are in use against seasonal influenza infection; however, their effectiveness has always been discussed due to the ongoing resistance to antivirals and relatively low and unpredictable efficiency of influenza vaccines compared to other vaccines. The growing interest in vaccines as a promising approach to prevent and control influenza may provide alternative vaccine development options with potentially increased efficiency. In addition to currently available inactivated, live-attenuated, and recombinant influenza vaccines on the market, novel platforms such as virus-like particles (VLPs) and nanoparticles, and new vaccine formulations are presently being explored. These platforms provide the opportunity to design influenza vaccines with improved properties to maximize quality, efficacy, and safety. The influenza vaccine manufacturing process is also moving forward with advancements relating to egg- and cell-based production, purification processes, and studies into the physicochemical attributes and vaccine degradation pathways. These will contribute to the design of more stable, optimized vaccine formulations guided by contemporary analytical testing methods and via the implementation of the latest advances in the field.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.