ArticleVaccines2021
Multicomponent Vaccines against Group A Streptococcus Can Effectively Target Broad Disease Presentations.
Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Streptococcus pyogenes Colonization in Children Aged 24-59 Months in the Gambia: Impact of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine and Associated Serological Responses.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Review
- Neutralisation of the Immunoglobulin-Cleaving Activity ofVaccines · 2025Article
- Rhamnose polysaccharide-decorated outer membrane vesicles as a vaccine candidate targeting Group A Streptococcus fromVaccine: X · 2025Article
- Recombinant production platform for Group A Streptococcus glycoconjugate vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- The intricate pathogenicity of Group AVirulence · 2024Review
- Immunomodulating Enzymes fromMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is an important global human pathogen, with a wide range of disease presentations, from mild mucosal infections like pharyngitis to invasive diseases such as toxic shock syndrome. The effect on health and mortality from GAS infections is substantial worldwide, particularly from autoimmune sequelae-like rheumatic heart disease (RHD), and there is currently no licenced vaccine. We investigated protein antigens targeting a broad range of GAS disease presentations as vaccine components in individual and combination formulations. The potency and functional immunity generated were evaluated and compared between groups. Antibodies against all components were found in pooled human IgG (IVIG) and an immune response generated following the subcutaneous immunisation of mice. A combination immunisation showed a reduction in IgG response for SpyCEP but an increase for Cpa and Mac-1 (IdeS). An opsonophagocytosis assay (OPA) showed the killing of GAS with immune sera against M protein and combination groups, with a lower killing activity observed for immune sera against other individual antigens. Specific antigen assays showed functional immunity against SpyCEP and Mac-1 from both individual and combination immunisations, with the activity correlating with antibody titres. However, efficient blocking of the binding activity of Cpa to collagen I and fibronectin could not be demonstrated with immune sera or purified IgG. Our data indicate that combination immunisations, while effective at covering a broader range of virulence factors, can also affect the immune response generated. Further, our results showed that an OPA alone is inadequate for understanding protection from vaccination, particularly when considering protection from immune evasion factors and evaluation of the colonisation leading to pharyngitis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.