ArticleNutrients2021
Defining the Cholesterol Lowering Mechanism of Bergamot (
Article in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Green Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Bergamot (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bergamot and Olive Extracts as Beer Ingredients: Impact on Cell Viability, Reactive Oxygen Species, and RNA Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Optimization of Naringin Extraction, Synthesis of Dihydrochalcone and Its Effects on Reducing Blood Lipid Levels In Vitro.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Novel Insight into the Composition Differences Between Buffalo and Holstein Milk and Potential Anti-Inflammation and Antioxidant Effect on Caco-2 Cells.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Nutritional and Nutraceutical Support to the Failing Myocardium: A Possible Way of Potentiating the Current Treatment of Heart Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Determination of Luteolin Luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- α-Mangostin Promotes In Vitro and In Vivo Degradation of Androgen Receptor and AR-V7 Splice Variant in Prostate Cancer Cells.Cancers · 2023Article
- Medicinal and edible plants in the treatment of dyslipidemia: advances and prospects.Chinese medicine · 2022Review
- First Discovery of Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of Parthenolide as NPC1L1 Inhibitor.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- RecapsomaLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Nutritional and Chemical Composition ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bergamot, a Mediterranean citrus fruit native to southern Italy, has been reported to have cholesterol-lowering properties; however, the mechanism of action is not well understood. Due to structural similarities with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, it has been proposed that the phenolic compounds in bergamot may also inhibit HMGCR. Statins are widely used for their cholesterol-lowering properties; however, they are not universally well tolerated, suggesting there is a need to identify novel cholesterol-lowering strategies. In the present study, we investigated bergamot fruit extract (BFE) and its principal components (neoeriocitrin, naringin, neohesperidin, melitidin, and brutieridin) for their ability to regulate cholesterol levels in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells. BFE at increasing concentrations decreased the levels of total and free cholesterol in HepG2 cells. BFE and its constituents did not directly inhibit HMGCR activity. However, BFE and neohesperidin decreased HMGCR levels in HepG2 cells, suggesting that neohesperidin and BFE may downregulate HMGCR expression. An increase in AMP-kinase phosphorylation was observed in BFE and neohesperidin-treated cells. In Caco-2 cells, brutieridin exhibited a significant reduction in cholesterol uptake and decreased the level of Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1, an important cholesterol transporter. Taken together, our data suggest that the cholesterol-lowering activity of bergamot is distinct from statins. We hypothesize that BFE and its principal constituents lower cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis and absorption.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.